Kontribusi perkebunan besar swasta kelapa sawit terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja dan peningkatan pendapatan pekerja lokal Kalimantan Tengah

WILSON, Dr.Ir. Irham, MSc

2002 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen Agribisnis

Keinginan Pemerintah Daeruh Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah ineningkatkan pendapatan asli daerdh dari usaha perkebunan kelapa sawi t telah iiieniinbulkan konflik kepentingan antara PBS kelapa sawit dengan penduduk lokal Kalimantan Tengah di sekitarnya. Dalam perkebunan kelapa sawit setnua biota hutan hanis dibuang agar tanaman dapat tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai harapan. Sementara bagi penduduk lokal Kalimantan Tengah, hutan merupakan sumber ketahanan pangan (food security) untuk kelangsungan hidupnya. Bila tidak disikapi secara bijak, konflik demikian dapat berlanjut inenjadi gejolak sosial. Karena itu upaya ineningkatkan pendapdtan asli daerah sebaiknya tidak mengakibatkan ketimpangan pendapatan, sehingga diperlukan kemitraan yang saling menguntungkan antara perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan penduduk lokal Kaliinantan Tengah di sekitarnya. Penelitian mengambil kasus di PT. Gunung Sejahtera Ibu Pertiwi. Pekerja lokal Kalimantan Tengah yang diteliti mula-mula dibagi secara strulrjied random sumpllng berdasarkan status pekerja (tetap, standar kerja umum, dan buruh harian lepas). Selanjutnya responden dipili h secara simple rundom sunzplmng nielalui pendekatan sampling without replacement. Pendapatan pekerja sebelum di PBS kelapa sawit diperoleh melalui pendekatan individuals l!fe history, sementara perbedaan pendapatan dianalisis dengan uji t, angka nominal dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan koritribusi PBS kelapa sawit inenyerap pekerja lokal Kalimantan Tengah sebesar 2,25 %, dan meningkatkan pendapatan pekerja sebesar I7,6l %. Uji be& rata-rata inenunjukkan bahwa pendapatan pekerja lokal Kalimantan Tengah sebeluin dan selaina bekerja di PBS kelapa sawit berbeda sangat nyata secara parsial dan secara simultan. Pendapatan pekecia lokal Kalimantan Tengah di PBS kelapa sawit lebih rendah 16,89 % dari pendapatan seluruh pekerja di PBS kelapa sawit, lebih tinggi 1 I8,28 % dari UMR Kalimantan Tengah, lebih tinggi 68,49 % dari pendapatan per ltapita regional Kaliniantan Tengah, dan lebih tinggi 90,27 % dari pendapatan nasional per kapit

The ambition of Central Kalimantan Local Government to improve indigenous local income collected from oil-palm plantation business has triggered interest conflicts between oil-palm big private plantations and surrounding local communities in Central Kalimantan. Withm the area of oil-palm plantation, all such forestry biota should be eliminated that the plants are growing and developing well as expected. For the local communities in Central Kalimantan, meanwhile, forests have been regarded as food security sources for their subsistence. When it is not wisely responded, such a conflict presumably turns out to be social restlessness. Improvement efforts on hgher indigenous local income should not make such income gap that symbiotic partnership between oil-palm big private plantations and surrounding local communities in Central Kalimantan is required. The research utilized the case occurred at PT.Gunung Sejahtera Ibu Pertiwi. Local workers in Central Kalimantan initially were divided in stratified random sampling manner by their status (permanent, general working standard., independent daily workers). Worker income data before working for oil-palm big private plantations were collected through individual life history approach, while different incomes were analyzed using t-test, nominal figures and percentages. Results indicated that oil-palm big private plantations contributed to 2.2% of local labour absorption in Central Kalimantan and improved increasing workers’ income of 17.61%. Average difference test indicated that partially and simultaneously, there were significant differences between the income of local workers in Central Kalimantan before and during working for oil-palm big private plantations. The income of local workers in Central Kalimantan working for oilpalm big private plantations was 16.8% lower than the total income of local workers in Central Kalimantan working for oil-palm big private plantations; it was 118.28% higher than Local Minimum Income Average (UMR) in Central Kalimantan; it was 68.49% higher than regional income per capita of Centrral Kalimantan; and it was 90.27% higher than national income per capita

Kata Kunci : Manajemen Agribisnis,Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit,Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja