KONSERVASI JALAK BALI (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) DI KEPULAUAN NUSA PENIDA

Fransiscus Xaverius Sudaryanto, Prof. Dr. Jusup Subagja, MSc; Dr. Ir. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, MSc; Prof. Dr. Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan, MSc

2016 | Disertasi | S3 Biologi

Jalak Bali (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) adalah burung endemik Pulau Bali. Sejak tahun 1966 Jalak Bali dimasukkan ke dalam kategori kritis (Critically endangered) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa. Konservasi Jalak Bali yang telah dilakukan di Taman Nasional Bali Barat ternyata belum berhasil. Oleh sebab itu, mulai tahun 2006 usaha konservasi Jalak Bali juga dilakukan di Kepulauan Nusa Penida. Untuk menelaah keberhasilan konservasi Jalak Bali di Kepulauan Nusa Penida, perlu dilakukan kajian-kajian 1. Bagaimana distribusi Jalak Bali? 2. Bagaimana fluktuasi populasi Jalak Bali? 3. Bagaimana profil vegetasi habitat Jalak Bali? 4. Bagaimana perilaku Jalak Bali? 5. Bagaimana kontribusi hukum adat atau awig-awig dalam konservasi Jalak Bali ? 6. Bagaimana konservasi Jalak Bali sebagai daya tarik ekowisata? Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keberhasilan konservasi Jalak Bali di Kepulauan Nusa Penida. Secara spesifik, tujuan penelitian ini mempelajari: distribusi, fluktuasi populasi, profil dan analisis vegetasi habitat, perilaku, kontribusi awig-awig, dan Jalak Bali sebagai daya tarik ekowisata. Bahan dan metode yang digunakan 1. Untuk mengetahui distribusi Jalak Bali dilakukan penjelajahan. 2. Penghitungan populasi Jalak Bali secara langsung dengan metode terkonsentrasi. 3. Analisis vegetasi dengan metode kuadrat plot, dan profil vegetasi dengan metode Oldeman. 4. Penelitian perilaku harian Jalak Bali dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Scan Sampling dengan Instataneous Sampling. 5. Pelaksanaan awig-awig di masyarakat diperoleh dengan menggunakan AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). 6. Data ekowisata dianalisis dengan menggunakan Metode Likert. Hasil penelitian 1. Keberadaan Jalak Bali pada 12 lokasi. 2. Cacah individu Jalak Bali sebanyak 66 ekor. 3. Jenis vegetasi di FNPF 22 jenis, didominasi Ficus glabella, dan Indeks keanekaragaman H� = 2,69. 4. Jalak Bali berkembang biak tiga kali dalam setahun, yaitu bulan Januari, Juni dan Oktober. 5. Awig-awig sebagai alternatif yang paling penting yaitu 47,32%. 6. Wisatawan 97,94% datang ke Pulau Nusa Penida karena ada Jalak Bali. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah 1. Keberadaan Jalak Bali pada 12 lokasi. 2. Cacah individu Jalak Bali 66 ekor. 3. Vegetasi di Kepulauan Nusa Penida sesuai untuk habitat Jalak Bali. 4. Jalak Bali berkembang biak tiga kali dalam satu tahun. 5. Masyarakat Kepulauan Nusa Penida mempunyai persepsi, dan partisipasi yang baik terhadap awig-awig yang melindungi Jalak Bali. 6. Jalak Bali menjadi daya tarik ekowisata.

Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) is endemic bird to the Bali Island. Since 1966, Bali Starling has been categoried as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Fauna and Flora. Conservation of Bali Starling has been done in the Bali Barat National Park, but has not succeeded yet. Therefore, starting in 2006 the conservation of the Bali Starling is also done in the Nusa Penida Islands, Klungkung Regency. Nusa Penida Islands running customary law, called awig-awig, which requires people to protect the Bali Starling. Bali Starling released in Penataran Ped Temple, the biggest temple in Nusa Penida Islands that sacred for Bali society. Jalak Bali released with a religious ceremony, so that they believed to be the owned of temple (Duwe Pura). To examine the successful of conservation of Bali Starling in Nusa Penida Islands, need the studies as follows: 1. How is the distribution of Bali Starling? 2. How to population fluctuations of Bali Starling? 3. What is the profile vegetation habitats of Bali Starling? 4. How does the behavior of Bali Starling? 5. How is the contribution of awig-awig to conserve Bali Starling? 6. How can habitat conservation of Bali Starling as a tourist attraction? This research aims to study the success of habitat conservation of Bali Starling in Nusa Penida Island. Specifically, the purpose of this research were to study: 1. Distribution; 2. Fluctuations in population; 3. Profil and analysis of vegetation of habitats; 4. Behavior; 5. Contributions of awig-awig; 6. Bali Starling as a tourist attraction. Materials and methods used in this research were: 1. Distribution of Bali Starling was known from questioned to the people in the area, and also conducted exploration. 2. Population of Bali Starling was counted directly on the feeding site by the concentrated method, from 2006 to 2015. 3. Analysis of vegetation use squares plot method, and vegetation profile with Oldeman method. 4. Daily behavior of the Bali Starling studied from December 2013 to December 2014, using the Scan Sampling Instataneous. 5. Implementation of awig awig in society obtained by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). 6. Tourism data obtained through observation and interviews. Data was analyzed by using Likert method. Results: 1. Distribution of Bali Starling in 2006 was only in three locations, and being expanded in 2015 there were at least in 12 locations. 2. Population of Bali Starling in Nusa Penida Islands in 2006 were 49 birds, and by 2015 was increased to 66 birds. 3. Species of vegetation in FNPF was the highest, that were 22 species dominated by Ficus glabella, and had the highest diversity index's (H ') = 2.69. 4. On the Nusa Penida Islands, the food was provided throughout the year, so Bali Starling can breed three times a year, namely in January, June and October, and Bali Starling drink nectar flower of ki acret (African tulip). 5. For habitat conservation of Bali Starling, awig-awig rated as the most important alternative that was 47.32%, and the formal law was only 3.62%. 6. 97.94% tourist came to the Nusa Penida Islands because there were Bali Starling. Conclusion: 1. The existence of Bali Starling in 2015 there were at least in 12 locations. 2. Population of Bali Starling in 2015 as many as 66 birds. 3. The vegetation on the islands of Nusa Penida was a suitable habitat for Bali Starling. 4. Bali Starling breeding three times a year. 5. Perception and participation of the people in Nusa Penida Islands was good against awig-awig that protect Bali Starling. 6. Bali Starling become an attraction for tourism.

Kata Kunci : Jalak Bali, Leucopsar rothschildi, Kepulauan Nusa Penida, Bali, konservasi