PEOPLE'S CHOICE FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFE: THE COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT (CBFM) PROGRAM IN CIAMIS, WEST JAVA

ARY WIDIYANTO, Dr.Ir. Dwita Hadi Rahmi, M.A.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) telah dilaksanakan di Pulau Jawa sejak tahun 2001. Program ini dibentuk sebagai sebuah program untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan kemiskinan desa dan deforestasi, khususnya penebangan liar. Tujuan utama program ini adalah memberikan manfaat ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan kepada masyarakat. Meskipun demikian, masih terbatas informasi dan evaluasi mengenai pelaksanaan program, khususnya di daerah/kabupaten terpencil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kontribusi program terhadap ekonomi masyarakat, mengetahui persepsi petani terkait kepuasan mereka terhadap program dalam aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan, dan terakhir untuk mengetahui kontribusi Perhutani dalam mendukung masyarakat di Ciamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif, dengan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Untuk metode kuantitatif, data yang digunakan adalah; a) Pendapatan dan pengeluaran petani selama program, b) Persepsi masyarakat tentang program, terkait aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Data ini dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dari 90 responden pada tiga kelompok tani (LMDH). Analisa data menggunakan cross tabulation dan statistik deskriptif. Untuk metode kualitatif, data meliputi opini masyarakat dan staff Perhutani terkait proses pelaksanaan program. Data ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan anggota LMDH dan staff Perhutani (masing-masing dua orang). Analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan naratif. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa program PHBM dapat memberikan kontribusi ekonomi kepada masyarakat, dengan meningkatnya rata-rata pendapatan masyarakat. Program ini juga memperkenalkan sistem bagi hasil dan mencoba mengakomodasi inisiatif masyarakat. Sebagian besar petani merasa puas dengan pelaksanaan program dalam aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Secara umum, mereka paling puas dalam aspek sosial, diikuti aspek ekonomi dan terakhir aspek ekologi. Dukungan Perhutani dapat dilihat dari kebebasan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat untuk membuat pilihan terkait dengan sharing area dan jenis tanaman. Kontribusi lain Perhutani dapat dilihat dari sistem bagi hasil yang cukup menguntungkan petani. Beberapa rekomendasi yang perlu diperhatikan; Pertama, Perhutani harus mendukung petani dalam kegiatan mereka: sebelum, selama, dan setelah program. Kedua, anggota Perhutani harus didorong untuk membuat hubungan yang baik dengan masyarakat, untuk melindungi hutan dari penebangan liar dan pembukaan lahan. Ketiga, dalam konteks perencanaan, departemen perencana di Perum Perhutani harus memberikan perhatian lebih dan penghargaan bagi masyarakat setempat.

Community-based forest Management (CBFM) has been implemented on Java Island since 2001. This program has been developed as a program to solve the problems of rural poverty and deforestation, particularly illegal logging. The main goals of the CBFM program are to give economic, social, and environmental benefits to the community. However, there was very limited information and evaluation of activities of the program in small- and medium-size areas/regencies. The objectives of this research are to analyze economic contribution of the program to the community in Ciamis, to find out farmers's perception toward their satisfaction to this program in the term of economic, social, and environmental aspect, and to identify Perhutani contribution to support the community. This research uses a deductive approach with both quantitative and qualitative methods. For quantitative method, the data include a) Community's cost and income (economic data) during CBFM implementation. b) Community perception regarding the program in the economic, social, and environmental aspects. These data were collected through questionnaires from 90 respondents at three farmer groups. To analyze the data, we used cross tabulation and descriptive statistical analysis. For qualitative method, the data include community's and Perhutani's staff opinions regarding the process of the CBFM program. These data were collected through interview with farmer group members (two members for each) and two Perhutani's staff. To analyze the data, we use descriptive and narrative method. This study showed that CBFM program can give economic contribution to the community. Community's average incomes increase after the program has been implemented. CBFM program introduced the sharing agreement and tried to seek some potential of community initiative. Most of farmers in three farmer groups feel that this program is satisfying in the term of economic, social, and environmental aspect. In general they feel that social aspect is the most satisfying aspect, followed by environmental aspect, and the least is economic aspect. Perhutani's support can be seen in communities and individual freedom of choice in terms of the sharing area and crops.Another Perhutani's contribution to farmers can be seen through sharing agreement. Some recommendations need to be considered; First, Perhutani should support farmer in their activities: before, during, and after the program. Second, Perhutani members should be encouraged themselves to make good connections with communities, to protect forests from illegal logging and land clearing. Third, in the context of planning, planners department in Perum Perhutani should give more attention and appreciation for the local people.

Kata Kunci : CBFM, farmers, choice, sustainable life