PENGATURAN PENANGANAN FAKIR MISKIN PADA ERA OTONOMI KHUSUS DI PROVINSI PAPUA

EDY PURWITO, Prof. Dr. Muchsan, S.H.; Prof. Dr. Enny Nurbaningsih, S.H., M.Hum.

2016 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hukum

Penanganan fakir miskin merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, demi keberhasilannya perlu ada pengaturan pembagian kewenangan yang jelas dan tegas. Tujuan penanganan fakir miskin diantaranya agar fakir miskin memperoleh pelayanan pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan dan memperoleh akses kesempatan kerja dan berusaha. Permasalahan penanganan fakir miskin pada era otonomi khusus di Provinsi Papua fakir miskin belum memperoleh haknya. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dan menganalisis: 1) Pengaturan pengelolaan dana otonomi khusus, pengaturan perekonomian berbasis kerakyatan, penyelenggaraan pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan. 2) Faktor penyebab fakir miskin belum memperoleh haknya, 3) Langkah hukum yang perlu dilakukan agar fakir miskin memperoleh haknya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dilakukan melalui penelusuran kepustakaan terhadap data sekunder yang mengatur terkait pengelolaan dana otonomi khusus, penyelenggaraan pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan, dan perekonomian berbasis kerakyatan. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah Provinsi Papua, pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan nara sumber. Data primer dan data sekunder diolah dan dianalisis secara yuridis, penarikan kesimpulan dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Dana otonomi khusus proporsi 20% untuk Provinsi digunakan membiayai: Pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi kerakyatan, infra struktur, bantuan untuk yayasan, penataan data, monitoring, dan belanja operasional MRP. Untuk memberikan aksen kesempatan kerja, masyarakat adat berhak mengelola potensi SDA yang tersedia di wilayah disekitarnya dan disediakan bantuan permodalan bagi UMKM. Penyelenggaraan pendidikan bagi komunitas adat terpencil, melalui pendidikan formal, pendidikan non formal, dan pendidikan keaksaraan. Pelayanan kesehatan dengan beban masyarakat serendah-rendahnya, bagi ibu hamil dan anak diberikan makanan tambahan untuk meningkatkan gizi. 2) Faktor penyebab fakir miskin belum terpenuhi haknya, karena: Pengaturan pembagian kewenangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dengan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua penerapannya belum dilakukan secara kekhususan, penggunaan dana otonomi khusus belum mengutamakan untuk pembiayaan pendidikan dan kesehatan pada daerah-daerah tertinggak, dan lemahnya pengawasan DPRD dan MRP. 3) Agar fakir miskin terpenuhi haknya, pengaturan kewenangan antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah Provinsi Papua penerapannya dilakukan secara kekhususan, dana otonomi khusus diutamakan untuk pembiayaan pendidikan dan kesehatan pada daerah-daerah tertinggal, dan meningkatkan pengawasan DPRP dan MRP.

Central government and local government are responsible for handling the impoverished which requires a clear and unequivocal distribution of authority. Handling the impoverished persons aims to provide them education, health services and access to employment and business opportunities. Problems emerging in the era of special autonomy are that they have not enjoyed their rights. This research attempts to explain and analyze: 1) regulations concerning the special autonomy fund management, education, health care, and community-based economy. 2) Factors which cause the impoverished persons not enjoyed their rights, 3) legal measures that needs to be taken so that the impoverished persons can enjoy their rights. This research is a normative juridical research which was conducted through literature research concerning secondary data related to special autonomy fund management, education, health care, and community-based economy. The research took place in Papua Province. Primary data were collected through interviews with resource persons. Primary and secondary data were processed and analyzed in a juridical manner. Conclusion was drawn descriptively and qualitatively. The research results indicated that: 1) 20% of the special autonomy funds are used by the province to finance: education, health, community economy, infrastructure, aid for foundation, data arrangement, monitoring, and operating expenditure of Papuan's People Assembly. In order to provide access to employment opportunities, indigenous peoples are given rights to manage the natural resources existing in the surrounding area and provided capital support for small and medium micro enterprises. Education for remote indigenous communities is provided through formal education, non-formal education and literacy education. Health services are provided with cost as low as possible. Pregnant women and children are given additional food to improve nutrition. 2) The factors which cause the impoverished not enjoying their rights are: the implementation of authority distribution between the central government and the provincial government of Papua is done specifically; the use of special autonomy funds does not prioritize to finance education and health; and weak supervision of the Papuan's People Assembly. 3) In order that the impoverished persons can enjoy their rights, the distribution of authority between the central government and the provincial government of Papua should be done specifically; the special autonomy funds should prioritize finance education and health, and increase the supervision to the governmental administration.

Kata Kunci : Penanganan fakir miskin, Otonomi khusus, Provinsi Papua.