Pertumbuhan dan Polimorfisme Gen Insulin (INS) Pada Ayam Hibrida [Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)] BC1 Hasil Persilangan Betina Pelung dan Jantan F1

DYAHAYU NISA ARINI, Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, M. Agr. Sc.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Permintaan konsumsi ayam baik daging maupun telur semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya dan diperlukan berbagai upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Ayam lokal seperti ayam Kampung memiliki kualitas daging dan telur yang baik namun kecepatan pertumbuhan relatif lambat. Kecepatan pertumbuhan ayam salah satunya dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh gen insulin (INS). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan persilangan backcross yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sifat unggul dari indukan dan galur murni baru, serta polimorfisme gen INS pada ayam BC1 hasil persilangan jantan F1 dan betina Pelung. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menyilangkan jantan F1 dan betina Pelung sehingga didapatkan 6 ekor ayam BC1. Ayam BC1 dipelihara secara intensif selama 7 minggu dan dilakukan penimbangan bobot ayam setiap 7 hari untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bobotnya. Diamati karakter fenotip kualitatif dan kuantitatif ayam BC1. Setelah umur 7 minggu, darah ayam BC1 dikoleksi dari vena axillaris untuk diisolasi DNA. Kemudian DNA diamplifikasi untuk mendapatkan sekuens gen INS menggunakan metode ARMS, amplifikasi DNA untuk mendapatkan sekuens gen INS juga dilakukan pada sampel darah ayam BC1 resiprok (n=9). Hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan bobot dan karakter fenotip kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan metode Independent Sample T-Test menggunakan program SPSS. Amplifikasi gen INS dianalisis untuk mengetahui polimorfisme yang terjadi pada ayam BC1 dan ayam BC1 resiprok. Hasil penelitian pada minggu ke-7 menunjukkan karakter bahwa fenotip kuantitatif dan kualitatif ayam BC1 merupakan perpaduan pewarisan dari parentalnya. Rata-rata bobot ayam BC1 pada minggu ke-7 sebesar 519,33 gram. Terdapat polimorfisme C+1549T pada gen INS ayam BC1 resiprok sebesar 44,44% bergenotip CT, 55,56% bergenotip TT, dan pada ayam BC1 tidak terdapat polimorfisme dengan 100% bergenotip CT.

Chicken meat and egg demand are increasing annually and it needs efforts from government and also society to fulfill it. Local chicken as Kampung has good quality of meat and egg, but it has relatively slow growth rate. Chicken growth rate is influenced significantly by insulin gene (INS). In this study backcross breeding between female Pelung chicken and male F1 chicken was conducted to produce superior characters which were inherited by its parent in order to obtain a new strain, also to study insulin gene (INS) polymorphisms in BC1 chicken. BC1 chicken (n=6) was reared intensively for 7 weeks, during rearing the weight of BC1 chicken was measured every 7 days to observed its weight growth. Qualitative and quantitative phenotype of BC1 chickens were observed. Then, BC1 chicken blood was collected from vena axillaris for DNA isolation. DNA was amplified to obtain the INS gene using ARMS method in BC1 chickens and its reciprocs (n=9). The observation of weight growth and quantitative phenotype was analysed using Independent Sample T-Test method which was on SPSS program. The amplified INS gene was analysed to study the polymorphism. Results of this study on 7th weeks were BC1 chickens phenotypic qualitative and quantitative character were inherited as a mix by its parents. Body weight mean on 7th weeks of BC1 was 519,33 gram. There was polymorphism which was located in INS gene C+1549T, in BC1 resiprocs there was 44,44% CC genotype, 55,56% TT genotype, and in BC1 was 100% CT.

Kata Kunci : gen INS, GAMA Ayam, Pelung, pertumbuhan, polimorfisme