Resistensi terhadap Imidakloprid Sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Penyebab Ledakan Populasi Wereng Batang Padi Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens)

JESAYAS A. LONDINGKENE, Prof. Ir. Y. Andi Trisyono, M.Sc., Ph.D.; Dr. Ir. Witjaksono, M.Sc.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Edhi Martono, M.Sc.

2016 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Imidakloprid merupakan insektisida neonicotinoid yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan wereng cokelat, Nilaparvata lugens. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat resistensi N. lugens terhadap imidakloprid dan efek sinergis terhadap N. lugens resisten. Seleksi laboratorium N. lugens meningkat tingkat resistensi 50,64 kali dibandingkan dengan populasi peka. Populasi N. lugens dari wilayah Banyumas dan Cilacap tingkat resistensi masing-masing 27,71 dan 29,37 kali. Penambahan tiga sinergis, PBO (piperonyl butoksida), DEM (Diethyl maleate), dan DEF (s, s, s-tributylphosphorotrithioate) dengan rasio 1 : 4 menghasilkan efek sinergis dengan nilai rasio sinergisme masing-masing 8.61, 4.29, dan 3,25 kali. PBO adalah sinergis yang paling efektif menurunkan LC50 populasi resisten yaitu 3,94 ppm. Diduga sitokrom P450 monooxygenases sebagai enzim yang berperan dalam mekanisme resisten N. lugens terhadap imidakloprid. Kata kunci: Nilaparvata lugens, imidakloprid, resistensi, sinergisme

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide and used to control the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. This research was aimed to develop and determine the resistance level of N. lugens to imidacloprid and the effects of synergists on its resistance. The laboratory selection of N. lugens increased the resistance level to 50.64 times compared to the susceptible population. Field collected populations from Banyumas and Cilacap Districs exhibited the resistance level of 27.71 and 29.37 times, respectively. The addition of three synergists, PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), DEM (Diethyl maleate), and DEF (s,s,s-tributylphosphorotrithioate) with 1:4 ratio resulted synergistic effects with synergism ratio values of 8.61, 4.29, and 3.25, respectively. PBO was the most effective synergist to reduce LC50 of resistant population to 3.94 ppm. These results may suggest the contribution of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases as important enzyme in N. lugens resistant mechanism to imidacloprid. Key words: Nilaparvata lugens, imidacloprid, resistance, synergism

Kata Kunci : Key words: Nilaparvata lugens, imidacloprid, resistance, synergism