Studi Mikrohabitat dan Populasi Capung Endemik Jawa Anggota Genus Drepanosticta (Odonata: Platystictidae) di Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah

SITI DINIARSIH, Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S.; Dr. Retno Peni Sancayaningsih, M.Sc.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Drepanosticta sundana, D. gazella, dan D. spatulifera merupakan capung jarum anggota Famili Platystictidae dengan distribusi terbatas di Pulau Jawa. Tiga spesies ini ditemukan di habitat hutan lereng Gunung Ungaran Jawa Tengah. Data mengenai mikrohabitat serta populasi tiga spesies capung tersebut belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi vegetasi pada mikrohabitat capung, mengetahui faktor mikrohabitat yang berpengaruh pada keberadaan capung, serta mengetahui ukuran populasi tiga spesies capung tersebut di Gunung Ungaran. Data vegetasi tegakan pohon diambil menggunakan metode Point-centered Quarter Method (PCQM) sedangkan semak riparian menggunakan metode kuadrat plot. Data mikrohabitat diambil dengan mengukur beberapa parameter: oksigen terlarut (DO), intensitas cahaya, kecepatan angin, kecepatan arus sungai, kelembaban tanah, kelembaban udara, ketinggian air terjun, ketinggian lokasi, pH air, pH tanah, suhu air, suhu udara serta tutupan kanopi. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Populasi dihitung dengan metode sensus. Peta distribusi dibuat berdasarkan lokasi pengambilan data populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) komposisi dan struktur vegetasi pada mikrohabitat capung anggota Genus Drepanosticta di Gunung Ungaran beranekaragam yang terdiri dari jenis semak riparian dan berbagai jenis pohon dengan tutupan kanopi lebar hingga memberi keteduhan di sepanjang aliran sungai, 2) faktor mikrohabitat yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan: D. spatulifera adalah intensitas cahaya, ketinggian lokasi, DO; D. sundana adalah tutupan kanopi, kelembaban udara; dan D. gazella adalah kecepatan arus sungai, kecepatan angin, ketinggian air terjun, 3) cacah individu capung anggota Genus Drepanosticta di Gunung Ungaran sebanyak 72 individu D. sundana, 136 individu D. spatulifera dan 47 individu D. gazella.

Drepanosticta sundana, D. gazella, and D. spatulifera are members of Javan Endemic Platystictid damselflies. These species found in forest habitat of Mount Ungaran, Central Java. The data relates to microhabitat and population of these species remains insufficient up until now. The aims of this research were to study about the vegetation as damselflies microhabitat, to measure the factors that influence the occurence of damselflies, and to assess the population of each damselfly in Mount Ungaran. Vegetation data of the tree stands was collected by using Point-centered Quarter Method (PCQM) while shrub riparian using Quadrats Method. Microhabitat data was collected by measuring several parameters such as: dissolved oxygen (DO), light intensity, wind velocity, stream velocity, soil moisture, humidity, height of waterfall, altitude, water pH, soil pH, water temperature, air temperature and forest canopy (coverage). Data was analyzed by using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Population data was analyzed by census method. Distribution map then be constructed based on sampling locations. The results showed that: 1) vegetation composition and structure on Drepanosticta microhabitat in Mt Ungaran were very diverse, consisted of shrubs riparian and tree vegetation with wide canopy cover, providing shades along streams, 2) microhabitat variables which more affected the existence of: D. spatulifera were light intensity, altitude, DO; whereas D. sundana were coverage, humidity; and for D. gazella were stream velocity, wind velocity, height of waterfall, 3) Individual number which counted during the data collection were 72 individuals of D. sundana, 136 individuals of D. spatulifera and 47 individuals of D. gazella.

Kata Kunci : Drepanosticta, endemic damselflies, microhabitat, Platystictidae, population