Perkembangan fisik kota Purwokerto tahun 1990-2000

NAZAR, Muhammad, Ir. Gunung Radjiman, MSc

2002 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Peneiitian ini berjudui Perkembangan Fisik Kota Purwokerto tahun 1 WO-2000. Latar beiakang dari peneiitian ini adalah; letak Kota Purwokerto yang sangat strategis di sub wiiayah pembangunan V Jawa Tengah, dan terdapatnya Perguruan Tinggi Negeri di Ksta Purwokerto. Peneiitian ini menggunakan peneiitian kuaiitatif dengan metode anaiisis geografi. Bahan peneiitian ini meiiputi semua data yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan fisik kota, antara iain: keadaan fisik kota, penduduk, fasiiitas umum, dan utiiitas kota. Peneiitian ini menggunakan data primer yang dijaring dengan rneiakukan pengamatan iapangan dan wawancara, serta data sekunder dari kantor-kantor instansi. Peneiitian ini diawaii dengan pengumpuian data yang berupa data fisik, sosiai budaya, dan ekonomi, kemudian data diferivikasi iagi berdasarkan hasii wawancara dan pengamatan. Seianjutnya dianalisis mekanisme perkembangan, pola dan arah perkembangan secaca ternporai dan spasiai. Berdasarkan hasii anaiisis peneiitian, mekanisme perkembangan fisik kota. Pertama, terjadi diawaii dari jaringan iistrik dan jaian utama kemudian berkembang perumahan yang secara bersamaan juga dibangun infrastruktur jaian yang menuju ke perumanan tersebut. Akibatnya dari adanya perumahan ini iumbuh kawasan perdagangan skaia iokai ban rumah-rumah individuai. Seianjutnya timbui peiayanan sosiai, sedangkan jaringan air bersih dan jaringan teiepon bukan sebab utama perkernbangan fisik kota. Kedua, yaitu pengisian ruang ruang kota dipinggir jaian utama baik untuk rumah-ruman individu maupun untuk perdagangan dan jasa. Poia dan arah perkembangan fisik Kota Purwokerto yaitu infill deveioprnent dan leap frog deueiopment. At-ah perkembangan kota sangat kuat ke seiatan dan utara, sedangkan perkembangan iahan terbangun di Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur dan Kecamatan Purwokerto Barat iemah. Dengan dorong pada kecamatan Purwokerto Barat dan Timur adaiah mahainya harga iahan, suiitnya mendapat lahan, dan sanitasi yang kurang baik. Untuk perkemisangan ke Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara dan Kecamatan Purwokerto Seiatan, dengan daya tarik ke seiatan adaiah iahan masih iuas, harga iahan reiatif murah, dekat dengan terminai bis, adanya jaian iingkar (geriiya), aksesibiiitas yang reiatif baik, dan adanya iahan-iahan yang teiah terkapiing-kapiing serta banyaknya tanan bengkok yang bisa diruisiag untuk perurnahan. Daya tarik ke utara adalah dekat dengan UNSOED dan UNWIKU, adanya tanah-tanah yang teiah terkapiing-kapiing, aksesibiiitas yang baik dan harga tanah maupun perumahan reiatif rendah serta dekat dengan tempat aktivitas. intervensi Pemerintah Kabupaten daiam bentuk instrumen-instrumen pengendaiian (grouth controiej sangat bang daiam mengarahkan perkembangan fisik kota, sehingga perkembangan fisik kota yang terjadi urnumnya berjaian sesuai dengan rnekanisme pasar tanah. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya inefisiensi tanah, antara iain daiam bentuk banyaknya tanah kosong. Untuk itu intervensi Pemerintah Kabupaten sangat diharapkan daiam niengarahkan perkembangan frsik kota dengan membangun infrastruktur jaian.

The research entitied "The Physid and Spaiiai DeveioptTieni of Purwokerto from -1 990-2000''c ontained the foilowing background and context; the city of Puiwokeitu is striateyidly iumied within Centid Java's fifth sub deveiopment region, and the city is characterized by the presence of a state university . The research empioyea the quaiitative approach , emphasizing the geographic anaiysis method. Research materials covered aii data reiating to the ~ i t f s physid deveiopnient, -which ari-iong otheis m i e the city's physimi condition, population, and the presence of pubiic facilities and utilities. Analysis and assessments were based on piimaly data obtained from field observations and interviews, and from secondary data obtained from relevant institutions. The ieseaich was initiated by miiecting data of the city's physimi form, socio-cuiturai characteristics and economic characteristics. The data was then verified based on the interview and observation iesuits. The direction of the deveiopment, as weii as its patterns and mechanisms were then temporaiiy and spatially assessed. Based on the research resuit, the city's spatial deveiopment mechanisms were as follow, the city's spatial formation was first shaped by the presence of road and eiectiicity network, foiiowed by the deveiopment of settlements which simuitaneousiy iead to the construction of roads leading to the Sttleiiient aieas. The presenm and deveiopment of settlenients lead to the growth of iocai trading areas and the growth of private housing. Anticipating the city's grow'th and development, pubiic services thus appeared. However, the ciean water suppiy network and the teiecommunicatioris network were not the major causes of the city's physical and spatiai aeveiopment. Growth and deveiopment aiso iead to the growth of private housing, and the growth of trade and services aiong the city's main arteries. The direction and pattern of Puiwokerio's physicai i spatiai deveiopnlent resenibied that of the infiii and iwp frog development pattern. The city's development is concentrated in the north and south, whereas the development of built aieas in the Eastern and Western Purvvokeito Districts are still low due to the high land price, the difficuities in obtaining iand, and the iack of piopei sanitation facilities. The deveiopnseiii in the Noithein and Southern Purwokerto Districts were attributed to the avaiiabiiity and the reiativeiy iow price sf iand, the nearby dishrice to the bus station, the presence of a beitline, the ease of accessibiiijr and the presence of subdivided land which can be used for housing and settlements. The puii factor in the northern area is that of its cioseness to Sudirman University, its accessibility, its iow price of land and housing, and its strategic location. Government intervention in the form of instruments for deveiopment control to direct urban growth and development is stiii very much lacking, thus the city's piesent spatial developnieni is in iine with the iaitd market mechanisms. Such occurrences lead to iand inefficiency in the form of vacant iand. Thus the iegionai government's intervention is very essentiai in oidei to guide the city's physicai and spatiai growth through the construction of road infrastructure.

Kata Kunci : Perkembangan Kota,Purwokerto 1990,2000