pencegahan terjadinya karies berdasarkan kariogram pada anak cerebral palsy derajat sedang (kajian pada anak usia 6-12 tahun di SLB Negeri 1, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)

DEAR PATRISIA SINAGA, Dr.drg.Indah Titien, S., SU., Sp.KGA(K);Prof. DR.drg. Al SUpartinah,SU., Sp.KGA(K)

2016 | Tesis-Spesialis | SP ILMU KESEHATAN GIGI ANAK

Anak Cerebral Palsy merupakan kelompok risiko tinggi karies. Pendekatan yang berbeda-beda diperlukan untuk menangani masalah gigi dan mulut anak CP. Kariogram dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan interaksi antar faktor yang berhubungan dengan karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran urutan faktor risiko terjadinya karies dan penurunan peluang terjadinya karies berdasarkan Kariogram pada anak CP derajat sedang usia 6-12 tahun sebelum dan sesudah tindakan pencegahan karies. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu. Subyek terdiri dari 11 anak CP derajat sedang usia 6-12 tahun yang bersekolah di SLBN 1 Bantul, DIY. Dilakukan pemeriksaan pengalaman karies, riwayat penyakit sistemik, frekuensi makan, skor plak, aktivitas S.mutans, pH saliva, dan program fluoridasi. Hasil penelitian dianalisa menggunakan program Kariogram, kemudian dilakukan tindakan pencegahan karies berdasarkan faktor risiko utama terjadinya karies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata persentase faktor risiko terjadinya karies sebelum tindakan pencegahan karies yaitu faktor diet 24,45%, faktor kerentanan 20,27%, faktor bakteri 18,82%, dan faktor lain-lain 11,64%. Rerata persentase faktor risiko terjadinya karies sesudah tindakan pencegahan karies yaitu faktor diet 19,09%, faktor kerentanan 13,45%, faktor bakteri 5,73%, dan faktor lain-lain 10,09%. Dapat disimpulkan terjadi penurunan persentase peluang terjadinya karies pada anak CP derajat sedang usia 6-12 tahun sesudah tindakan pencegahan karies.

Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group at high-risk for having caries. Different approaches are required to deal with the teeth and mouth problems of children with CP. Cariogram can be used to describe the interaction between the factors associated with dental caries. The purpose of this research was to find out the sequence of caries risk factors and the decreasing probability of caries in children with CP with moderate severity, 6-12 years old, before and after caries preventive measures were made based on Cariogram. This research was a quasi-experimental research. The subject consisted of 1 children with CP with moderate severity 6-12 years old, who studied in Public Special School of Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Examination about caries experience, history of systemic disease, frequency of eating, score of plaque, S.mutans activity, pH of saliva, and fluoridation program was held. The result of the examination was analyzed using Cariogram program, and then preventive measures were made based on the main caries risk factors. The research result showed that the mean of caries risk factors percentage before preventive measures were made were diet factor 24,45%, vulnerability factor 20,27%, bacterial factor 18,82%, and other factors 11,64%. The mean of caries risk factors percentage after preventive measures were made were diet factor 19,09%, vulnerability factor 13,45%, bacterial factor 5,73%, and other factor 10,09%. It can be concluded that there is a reduction of caries probability percentage in children with CP with moderate severity, 6-12 years old, before and after caries preventive measures were made.

Kata Kunci : cerebral palsy, Kariogram, faktor risiko, karies