A COMPARATIVE STUDY: ONE VILLAGE ONE PRODUCT (OVOP) AS AN ENGINE OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN AND INDONESIA

ARIN WIDIYANTI, Atsushi Ohno

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomika Pembangunan

Konsep One Village One Product (OVOP) atau satu desa satu produk adalah gerakan masyarakat lokal yang secara sukarela bertujuan untuk mendorong pembangunan ekonomi lokal (PEL) dengan upaya merevitalisasi yang dimulai pada tahun 1979 di Oita prefekture, Jepang. Penelitian ini meneliti OVOP dengan pendekatan membandingkan program OVOP di Indonesia, studi kasus OVOP di Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah, disandingkan dengan program original OVOP yang berasal dari Oita prefektur di Jepang. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keberhasilan OVOP di Oita dan bagaimana hal tersebut bisa diterapkan di Indonesia yang sejauh ini dianggap belum berhasil dalam penerapannya. Kunci utama dari pelaksanaan OVOP di Oita adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas sebagaimana dalam pengalaman Jepang ketika melaksanakan pembangunan ekonomi lokal. Studi kasus menggambarkan ketika diadaptasi ke Indonesia, prinsip-prinsip OVOP tidak serta merta diimplementasikan seutuhnya. Di Indonesia, OVOP menjadi program pemerintah dengan pendekatan dari atas ke bawah. Penelitian ini akan melakukan kasus studi kualitatif. Pada umumnya ulasan penelitian OVOP adalah seputar sejarah program OVOP di Oita, studi tentang OVOP di negara lain yang mengadopsi OVOP dan studi yang membandingkan program OVOP di beberapa negara. Meskipun demikian penelitian ini lebih menekankan pada peran penting perusahaan swasta sebagai pihak yang menjalankan fungsi distributor dan pemasok, dalam memulai dan menjalankan program OVOP.

The One Village One Product (OVOP) is a voluntary local community movement that drives the Local Economic Development (LED) and the revitalization effort, which was initiated in 1979 in Oita prefecture, Japan. The research examines the OVOP approach by comparing the OVOP program in Indonesia, particularly the case study of OVOP in Sragen regency, Central Java province, to the original OVOP program of Oita prefecture in Japan. This study takes Oita as the observation, since Oita is considered as the region in which the OVOP concept is conducted successfully. For that reason, this research is aimed for taking a lesson to be learned and to be applied in Indonesia, in which in Indonesia the respective concept has not so far succeeded. The key feature of the OVOP implementation in Oita is the bottom-up approach that is well adapted in Japanese experience of local economic development. The case studies illustrated that, when it was transferred to Indonesia, the principles of OVOP were not directly copied from the OVOP in Japan. In Indonesia, OVOP was reconfigured into a government program with a top-down approach. This study will mainly focus on comparing both study cases qualitatively. Basically the characteristics OVOP literature reviews are: the History of the Oita-Japan OVOP program, the study about specific programs outside of Japan based on the Oita OVOP model and the study that compares Oita-type programs across countries. However, this paper found a few studies which focus on the particular role of private companies in initiating and maintaining the OVOP programs, as distributors and suppliers, this topic become main research object for the research.

Kata Kunci : One Village One Product (OVOP), Local Economic Development (LED)