UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTI PENUAAN DINI RUMPUT LAUT COKLAT (Turbinaria decurrens Bory)

WIRASTI, Dr. Arief Nurrochmad, M.Si., M.Sc., Apt.;Dr.rer.nat. Nanang Fakhrudin, M.Si., Apt.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Reactive Oxygen Species ROS dapat meningkatkan kadar enzim kolagenase (MMP-1) dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim elastase yang mengakibatkan kenaikan degradasi kolagen penyebab pengerutan kulit. Fukosantin telah terbukti memiliki sifat photoprotective di sel fibroblas manusia melalui penghambatan kerusakan DNA dan meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan sehingga mempunyai efek anti penuaan dini. Fukosantin banyak terkandung dalam rumput laut coklat seperti Turbinaria decurrens. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan anti penuaan dini Turbinaria decurrens. Aktivitas antioksidan ditetapkan dengan metode Betacaroten Bleaching (BCB) dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Sedangkan anti penuaan dini ditetapkan dengan menguji aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim tirosinase, elastase dan kolagenase (MMP-1). Simplisia Turbinaria decurrens dimaserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 96% selama 8 hari. Maserat dievaporasi sehingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Sebagian dari ekstrak kental difraksinasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom, hasil fraksi di evaporasi didapatkan fraksi kental. Kedua sediaan tersebut kemudian diuji kualitatif menggunakan KLT dan kuantitatif menggunakan HPLC. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode betacaroten bleaching (BCB) dan ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Pengujian anti penuaan dini menggunakan metode aktivitas penghambatan ensim kolagenase, elastase dan tirosinase. Bahan pengujian enzim berasal dari Discovery Drug Kit dari Enzo Life Science. Analisis statistik menggunakan one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak dan fraksi T.decurrens dengan metode BCB memiliki IC50 sebesar 63,75 ± 4,087 μg/ml (ekstrak), 57,75 ± 0,44 μg/ml (fraksi), sedangkan pengujian dengan metode FRAP sebesar 161,67 ± 3,22 μmol/g ekstrak dan 105,50 ± 16,73 μmol/g fraksi. Pada uji anti penuaan dini untuk metode penghambatan kolagenase ekstrak dan fraksi T. decurrens mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim kolagenase secara signifikan dibanding inhibitor NNGH (p>0,05) dengan kemampuan berturut-turut sebesar 96,22±1,22% (ekstrak 40 µg/mL), 93,51±0,75% (ekstrak 80 µg/mL), 93,52±1,77% (Fraksi 40 µg/mL), 94,81±2,09% (fraksi 80 µg/mL), sedangkan ekstrak dan fraksi T. decurrens mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim elastase (Human Neutrophile Elastase) lebih baik dibanding kontrol inhibitor Elastatinal sebesar berturut-turut untuk ekstrak 40 μg/ml sebesar 65,50 ±8,7 %, ekstrak 80 μg/ml sebesar 66,857 ±1,5%, fraksi 40 µg/ml sebenar 76,66 ± 0,94%, fraksi 80µg/ml sebesar 52,74 ± 8,45 %. Pengujian dengan metode penghambatan tirosinase memiliki IC50 sebesar 130,46±8,5 µg/ml (ekstrak) dan 138,66 ±9,7 µg/ml (fraksi). Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi T decurrens efektif sebagai antioksidan dengan metode BCB dan FRAP dan efektif sebagai anti penuaan dini dengan menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase, kolagenase (MMP-1) dan elastase.

Reactive Oxygen Species ROS can increase levels of the enzyme collagenase (MMP-1) and increasing the activity of the enzyme elastase which results in increased degradation of collagen cause wrinkling of the skin. Fucoxanthin been shown to have photoprotective properties in human fibroblast cells by inhibiting DNA damage and increases the activity of antioxidants that have anti-aging effects. Fucoxanthin is contained in brown seaweed like Turbinaria decurrens. This study aims to determine the activity of antioxidant and anti-aging Turbinaria decurrens. Antioxidant activity was determined by the method Betacaroten Bleaching (BCB) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). While anti-aging determined by testing the inhibitory activity against tyrosinase enzyme, elastase and collagenase (MMP-1). Turbinaria decurrens powder macerated using 96% ethanol for 8 days. Maserat evaporated to obtain a thick extract. A portion of the condensed extract was fractionated using column chromatography fractions in the result obtained fractions condensed evaporated. Both preparations were then tested using qualitative and quantitative TLC using HPLC. The antioxidant activity was tested by the method betacaroten bleaching (BCB) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Testing anti-aging method inhibitory activity of enzymes collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase. Materials testing of enzymes derived from Drug Discovery Kit from Enzo Life Science. Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test........................................... The results showed that the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions T.decurrens with BCB methods have IC50 of 4.087 ± 63.75 pg / ml (extract), 57.75 ± 0.44 pg / ml (fraction), while testing with FRAP method of 161.67 ± 3.22 mol / g extract and 105.50 ± 16.73 mol / g fractions. In anti-aging test for inhibition of collagenase method extracts and fractions T. decurrens capable of inhibiting the enzyme activity of collagenase significantly compared NNGH inhibitor (p> 0.05) with the ability to successively equal to 96.22 ± 1.22% (Extract 40 mg / mL), 93.51 ± 0.75% (extract 80 mg/mL), 93.52 ± 1.77% (fraction 40 mg /mL), 94.81 ± 2.09% (fraction 80 mg/mL), while extracts and fractions T. decurrens able to inhibit the activity of the enzyme elastase (Human Neutrophile elastase) is better than control inhibitor of consecutive Elastatinal to extract 40 ug / mL for 65.50 ± 8.7%, extract of 80 ug / mL amounted to 66.857 ± 1.5%, the fraction of 40 ug/ml 76.66 ± 0.94%, the fraction of 80 μg / mL of 52.74 ± 8.45%. Testing by the method of inhibition of tyrosinase have IC50 of 130.46 ± 8.5 µg / ml (extract) and 138.66 ± 9.7 µg / ml (fraction). The results of this study can be concluded that extracts and fractions T decurrens effective as an antioxidant by BCB and FRAP methods and effective as an anti-aging by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase enzyme, collagenase (MMP-1) and elastase.

Kata Kunci : Turbinaria decurrens, fukosantin, antioksidan, anti penuaan dini