ANALISIS SUMBER PENGHIDUPAN NELAYAN PANTAI DEPOK DESA PARANGTRITIS KECAMATAN KRETEK KABUPATEN BANTUL

ELYANA ONNA ISKANDAR, Suadi, S.Pi., M.Agr.Sc.,Ph.D.;Ir. Hery Saksono, M.A.;Ir. Supardjo S.D., S.U.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

Menjadi nelayan merupakan upaya penghidupan masyarakat pesisir Pantai Depok untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya dengan memanfaatkan ketersediaan sumberdaya yang ada di sekitarnya. Ketidakmenentuan sifat kegiatan perikanan ditambah berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi nelayan maka nelayan memerkukan strategi penghidupan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aset-aset penghidupan nelayan, mengetahui permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengelolaan aset nelayan, dan mengetahui strategi pemanfaatan aset untuk menunjang penghidupan nelayan di Desa Parangtritis, Kecamatan Kretek, Bantul. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2016, menggunakan metode survei, dengan mengambil 35 responden nelayan yang aktif beroperasi di Pantai Depok. Aset penghidupan nelayan Pantai Depok terdiri lima aset antara lain berupa aset alam, yaitu sumberdaya ikan (100% responden), sumberdaya air (100% responden, sawah (54%), dan lahan pekarangan (26% responden); aset fisik rumah tangga berupa alat komunikasi dan informasi telepon (94,29% responden) dan televisi (89% responden), serta alat transportasi berupa motor (83% responden); dan aset fisik milik umum berupa TPI, koperasi, dan pasar ikan; aset manusia yang utama berupa keterampilan di bidang perikanan (97,14% responden); aset finansial dominan adalah tabungan (94,29% responden); dan aset sosial berupa kearifan lokal (100% responden). Permasalahan utama pengelolaan aset nelayan antara lain musim paceklik (100% responden), gelombang dan angin (74,29% responden), dan kebijakan makro seperti aturan ukuran tangkap lobster dan kenaikan harga BBM (89% responden). Strategi yang dilakukan nelayan antara lain dengan menambah alat tangkap (intensifikasi) (21% responden), menambah jangkauan penangkapan/ menambah jam penangkapan (ekstensifikasi) (16% responden), diversifikasi pekerjaan (54% responden), dan migrasi (2% responden). Pemberdayaan koperasi sebagi wadah eknomi bersama dan aset lainnya perlu ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan kontribusinya bagi kesejahteraan nelayan.

Being a fisher is the coastal communities' livelihood to meet their needs by utilizing available resources. The uncertainties characteristic of fishing activities along with any other problems fisher the community to find some alternative ways to support their livelihood. The purposes of this research were to identify fisher livelihood assets, the problems that fisher faced in managing their assets and strategies to utilize the available resources and assets to support the fisher sustainable livelihood at Parangtritis Village, Kretek Sub-district, Bantul Regency. The research was conducted during January until June 2016 by using survey method, with total sample of 35 active fishers in study site as respondents. Livelihood assets that can be used and accessed consist of five assets. The most utilized natural assets were fishery resources (100% respondents), clean water resources (100% respondents), paddy field (54% respondents), and productive yard (26% respondents); household physical assets telecommunication (94,29% respondents), television (89% respondents), and motorcycle (83% respondents); and public assets include fish auction, fishery cooperative, and fish market; human assets was mainly skills in fisheries (97,14% respondents); financial assets was saving (94,29% respondents); and social assets was local wisdom (100% respondents). The main problem that faced by fisher was the dynamic nature of fishery resources (100% respondents), high wave and wind (74,29% respondent), and public policy (89% respondent). The fisher strategies to overcome the problems were divided into four forms: increasing the number of fishing gear (intensification) (21% respondents), widening the range of fishing ground the time of fishing (extension) (16% respondents), diversifying jobs (diversification) (54% respondents) and migration (2% respondents). Empowerment of fishery cooperatives as collective-based economy activities and other resources/assets were needed to improve the fishery livelihood.

Kata Kunci : aset, livelihood, nelayan, desa parangtritis, pesisir, strategi/assets, coastal, fishermen, livelihood, parangtritis village, strategy