PERBEDAAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN FISIK, KIMIA, DAN BIOLOGI EKOSISTEM SUNGAI DINOYO DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
AQILA JUWITA, Prof. Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, M.P.
2016 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANANEkosistem hutan merupakan sistem penyangga kehidupan yang mempunyai fungsi untuk menjaga kualitas lingkungan perairan salah satunya yaitu sungai. Sungai Dinoyo merupakan salah satu sungai dengan penggunaan lahan yang beragam meliputi hutan lindung, pertanian, perkebunan, pemukiman, dan industri. Penggunaan lahan yang beragam dapat menurunkan kualitas lingkungan pada suatu ekosistem sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas lingkungan fisik, kimia, biologi dari bagian hulu, tengah, dan hilir serta menghitung indeks pencemaran air ekosistem Sungai Dinoyo di Kabupaten Jember. Pengambilan data kualitas air dilakukan pada daerah hulu, tengah, dan hilir sungai dengan metode Systematic Sampling with Random Start. Sungai dibagi menjadi 12 segmen dengan 3 kali pengulangan dan jarak antar segmen 100 m. Parameter kualitas lingkungan yang diambil yaitu suhu, kejernihan, pH, COD, BOD, detergen, kepadatan plankton, dan keanekaragaman jenis plankton. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas lingkungan fisik, kimia, dan biologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata suhu 24,46 oC, rata-rata kejernihan 23,63 cm; rata-rata pH 7,28; rata-rata BOD 1,64 mg/l; rata-rata COD 15,29 mg/l; rata-rata detergen 0,06 mg/l, rata-rata kepadatan plankton 632.500 ind/ml; dan indeks keanekaragaman plankton pada hulu 3,37; pada sungai bagian tengah 2,87; serta pada hilir 2,8. Hasil analisis Kruskal-Wallis yaitu kualitas lingkungan berupa suhu, kejernihan, BOD, COD, detergen, dan pH memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan, sedangkan parameter kepadatan plankton dan indeks keanekaragaman plankton tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Nilai indeks pencemaran air ekosistem Sungai Dinoyo yaitu sebesar 1,45 dan termasuk kategori cemar ringan.
Forest ecosystem is one of life support systems which functions to preserve the quality of aquatic environment such as river. Dinoyo River in Jember Regency has diverse land use including protected forest, farming, agriculture, residential, and industry. Diverse land use could cause degradation in a river ecosystems quality. The aims of this research were to know the differences between physical, chemical, biological aspects of environmental quality from upstream, middle, and downstream of the river; and to calculate the water pollution index of Dinoyo River ecosystem. Water quality data was obtained from upstream, middle, and downstream of the river with Systematic Sampling with Random Start method. The river was divided into 12 segments with three repetitions and the distance between segments was 100 m. The environmental parameters in this research were temperature, purity, pH, COD, BOD, detergent, density, and diversity of plankton. All the results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis to know the difference between physical, chemical, biological aspects of environmental quality. The result of this research showed that the average temperature was 24.46 OC; the average purity was 23.63 cm; the average pH was 7.28; the average BOD was 1.64 mg/l; the average COD was 15.29 mg/l; the average detergent was 0.06 mg/l; the average of plankton density was 632,500 individu/ml; and plankton diversity index in upstream was 3.37; middle was 2.87; downstream was 2.8. Kruskal-Wallis result indicated that temperature, purity, BOD, COD, detergent, and pH had significant differences, while the parameter of plankton density and index of plankton diversity had no siginificant difference. The score of water pollution index of Dinoyo River was 1.45 and categorized as mild polluted.
Kata Kunci : hutan, sungai, kualitas lingkungan Sungai Dinoyo
