KEBUTUHAN KALSIUM AYAM BROILER FASE STARTER DENGAN ATAU TANPA PENAMBAHAN ENZIM FITASE

ENY SHOLIKHATIN, Prof. Zuprizal. DEA; Nanung Danar Dono, Ph.D.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan kalsium ayam broiler fase starter dengan atau tanpa penambahan enzim fitase. Penelitian menggunakan 2000 ekor ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 21 hari. Pakan basal disusun berbasis jagung dan bungkil kedelai dengan 0,097% Ca dan 0,124% P-av. Pakan perlakuan terdiri dari 10 macam pakan, yaitu: P1-P5 (pakan basal dengan penambahan 0,42% Non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) dan penambahan kalsium (Ca) dengan level yang berbeda, yaitu: 0,90% (P1); 0,82% (P2); 0,74% (P3); 0,66% (P4); dan 0,58% (P5). Pakan perlakuan P6-P10 berupa pakan basal dengan penambahan 0,22% NPP dan 1000 FTU/kg fitase serta penambahan Ca dengan level yang berbeda, yaitu: 0,82% (P6); 0,74% (P7); 0,66% (P8); 0,58% (P9); dan 0,50% (P10). Penelitian di desain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Data yang berbeda nyata diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncan's new Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Ca tanpa fitase umur 1-10 hari meningkatkan konsumsi pakan, menurunkan rata-rata capaian bobot badan, dan menaikkan konversi pakan (P<0,05). Selanjutnya, perlakuan dengan kombinasi fitase meningkatkan konsumsi pakan, capaian rerata bobot badan maupun pertambahan bobot badan harian ayam (P<0,05). Estimasi kebutuhan Ca tanpa penambahan fitase berdasarkan FCR sebesar 0,768% (umur 1-10 hari) atau 0,735% (1-21 hari). Penambahan Ca tanpa fitase menurunkan nilai PER dan EER di semua fase pengamatan (P<0,05). Penambahan fitase meningkatkan konsumsi protein dan energi diikuti peningkatan nilai PER dan EER kecuali pada fase umur 1-21 hari (P<0,05). Pemberian 0,50% Ca menurunkan kadar abu toe (P<0,05) dan pemberian 0,58% - 0,50% Ca menurunkan kadar abu tibia (P<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan fitase dapat mempertahankan kinerja pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, dan mineralisasi tulang.

The aimed of this study was to determine the calcium requirements of broilers chickens in starter phase with or without the addition of phytase enzyme. This experiment used 2000 broiler chickens for 21 days rearing period. The basal diets was based on corn and soybean meal which contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% P-av. The treatments consisted of 10 treatment diets treatment P1-P5 were basal diet with the addition of 0.42% Non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and the addition of calcium (Ca) at different levels: 0.90% (P1); 0.82% (P2); 0.74% (P3); 0.66% (P4); and 0.58% (P5). Treatment P6-P10 were basal diets with 0.22 % NPP and 1000 FTU/kg phytase and the addition of Ca at different levels 0.82% (P6); 0.74% (P7); 0.66% (P8); 0.58% (P9); and 0.50% (P10). Duncan's new Multiple Range Test was used to separate mean with significant different. Results showed that supplementation Ca without phytase addition in early phases of growth (1-10 days of age) increased feed intake, body weight, and the average performance gain of chicken daily gain (P<0.05). Furthermore, treatment with the combination of phytase increased feed intake, body weight and the average performance gain of chicken daily gain (P<0.05). Estimated needs Ca without addition of phytase by FCR amounting to 0.768% (aged 1-10 days) or 0.735% (1-21 days). The addition of Ca without phytase lowers the value of PER and EER in all phases of observation (P<0.05). The addition of phytase increases the consumption of protein and energy followed by an increase in the value of PER and EER except on days 1-21 of age phase (P<0.05). Level 0.50% Ca lowers toe ash content (P<0.05) and the provision of 0.58% - 0.50% Ca lower the ash content of tibia (P<0.05). It can be concluded that feeding with phytase can sustain growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization.

Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, Enzim fitase, Kebutuhan kalsium, Kinerja pertumbuhan, dan Mineralisasi tulang