PENGARUH BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO TERHADAP SENSORINEURAL HEARINGLOSS (SNHL)PADA BALITA

SELVINA MARYONES R, dr. Kartono Sudarman, SpTHT-KL(K);Dr.dr. Bambang Udji Djoko Rianto, Sp.THT-KL(K), M.Kes.

2016 | Tesis-Spesialis | SP ILMU PENYAKIT THT

Latar Belakang : Gangguan pendengaran merupakan masalah yang cukup serius khususnya berhubungan dengan tumbuh kembang anak. Diperkirakan 1:1000 bayi baru lahir mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Insidensi SNHL terjadi sekitar 3:1000 pada bayi sehat dan 6:1000 bayi dengan faktor risiko. Berdasarkan Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH)gangguan pendengaran pada anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor risiko. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh beberapa faktor risiko terhadap sensorineural hearing loss pada balita. Metode penelitian: Kasus-kontrol dari data rekam medis di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta periode Januari 2014 hingga April 2015. Sensitifitas pendengaran berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan OAE dan BERA. Hasil: Sampel penelitian berjumlah 62 balita, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 31 sampel. SNHL positif terdapat sebanyak 11 balita (35,5%) memiliki 1 faktor risiko (FR), sebanyak 10 balita (32,3%) memiliki 2FR, 6 balita (19,4%) memiliki 3FR, 3 balita (9,7%) memiliki 4FR dan 1 balita (3,2%) tanpa faktor risiko. Dari perhitungan analisis subyek penelitian didapatkan hasil balita dengan jumlah 1FR dengan OR 11,0 (CI 95%: 1,20-100,38), 2FR dengan OR 24,2 (CI 95%: 2,18-221,97), 3FR OR 33,0(CI 95%:2,45-443,59) dan 4FR OR 16,5 (CI 95%: 1,08-250,17). Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor risiko TORCH secara signifikan mempengaruhi hasil dengan dengan nilai p < 0,05 dan Odd Rasio(OR) = 15,54 (CI 95% 2,83-85,22 Kesimpulan:Faktor risiko TORCH berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) pada balita( p= 0,002, OR=15,54, CI 95%= 2,83-85,22). Kata Kunci:Sensorineural Hearing Loss, balita, faktor risiko pre/perinatal

Background:Hearing loss is a serious problemassociated with children development. Predicted 1:1000 newborns have a hearing loss. Incidence of SNHL occurred approximately 3:1000 in healthy babies and 6:1000 infants with risk factors. Based on the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) of hearing loss in children is influenced by a number of risk factors. Objective: To determine the influence of risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in children. Method: Case-control of medical records at the Hospital Dr. Sardjito the period January 2014 to April 2015. The sensitifity of the hearing based on the results of OAE and BERA. Results:Sample characteristics obtained 62 children, each group consisted of 31 sample.There are 11 children (35,5%) with SNHL positive has one risk factor (RF), 10 children (32.3%) had 2RF, 6 children (19.4%) has 3RF, 3 children (9.7%) has 4RF and 1children (3.2%) without risk factor. From the analysis results that children with 1RF has ORhas 11.0 (CI95%: 1.20 to 100.38), 2R has OR 24.2 (CI95%: 2.18 to 221.97 ), with 3RF has OR 33.0 (CI95%: 2.45 to 443.59) and 4RF has OR 16.5 (CI95%: 1.08 to 250.17). From Multivariate analysis of risk factors, TORCH obtained significantly affected with p<0.05 and odds ratio (OR) = 15.54 (CI95%: 2.83 to 85.22). Conclusion:TORCH is a risk factor that significanly influence in pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss( p= 0,002, OR=15,54, CI 95%= 2,83-85,22). Children with 1 risk factor has 11 times, 2 risk factos has 24,2 times, 3 risk factor has 33 times,4 risk factor has 16,5 times possibility suffer sensorineural hearing compared children without risk factor. Keywords:Sensorineural hearing loss, pediatric,pre/perinatal risk factors

Kata Kunci : Sensorineural Hearing Loss, balita, faktor risiko pre/perinatal