Systematic Review Terhadap Penelitian Pranata dan Tata Kelola Kehutanan di Indonesia

ERNA IKA RAHAYU, Dr. Ahmad Maryudi, S. Hut. M.For.;Dr. Sena Adi Subrata, S. Hut., M.Sc.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Indonesia kaya sumberdaya hutan, namun kondisinya mengalami degradasi akibat permasalahan sosial dan ekologi. Penelitian terkait tata kelola hutan Indonesia telah banyak dilakukan dan meliputi aspek tata kelola yang luas. Namun, hasil penelitian tersebut diduga belum sepenuhnya didiadopsi dan diimplementasikan dalam tataran kebijakan karena belum adanya ringkasan yang sederhana dan mudah dipahami terhadap hasil penelitian dalam jumlah besar tersebut. Systematic review merupakan salah satu solusi terkait permasalahan penyajian hasil penelitian tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi capaian penelitian tata kelola hutan yang dilakukan di Indonesia; serta (2) memetakan penelitian tata kelola hutan yang telah dilakukan berdasarkan keterkaitan dengan permasalahan yang hendak diselesaikan oleh Kementerian Lingkungnan Hidup dan Kehutanan, lokasi penelitian, afiliasi peneliti, jenis dokumen dan cakupan artikel ilmiah, serta trend penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini mengadopsi metode systematic review yang digunakan oleh Lowry et al. (2013) yang berkecimpung di bidang ekologi dan tidak sepenuhnya menggunakan metode systematic review yang banyak digunakan pada ilmu kedokteran dan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan 13 kata kunci sebagai alat bantu dalam proses screening untuk mendapatkan artikel ilmiah yang sesuai dengan inclusion criteria. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat 613 artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian yang disertakan dalam analisis. (2) terkait dengan pemetaan penelitian tata kelola hutan adalah: a). penelitian untuk mendukung penanggulangan kebakaran hutan dan perubahan iklim (melalui skema REDD+) menyajikan temuan dari lapangan dengan jumlah dan aspek penelitian yang besar (mencapai 48,12%) dan beragam. Namun, sebagian besar permasalahan kehutanan lainnya, antara lain kehutanan masyarakat, konservasi hutan, desentralisasi dan KPH, pengelolaan hutan lestari, kelembagaan, industri kehutanan, tenurial, restorasi, hasil hutan non kayu, maupun permasalahan lainnya masih belum didukung oleh penelitian yang memadai. b). penelitian tata kelola hutan belum dilakukan secara merata di kawasan hutan Indonesia dan sebaran lokasi penelitian didominasi di Wilayah Kalimantan dan Sumatera (38,66%), sedangkan wilayah lainnya hanya ditemukan penelitian dalam jumlah sedikit. c). peneliti Indonesia yang mendominasi dalam penelitian tata kelola hutan ini adalah dari lembaga penelitian internasional dan akademisi (76,23%). d). sebagian besar hasil penelitian diterbitkan dalam bentuk article (83,52%), sedangkan bentuk review dan conference paper relatif sedikit. d). trend penelitian tentang tata kelola hutan di Indonesia secara umum meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, kecuali untuk penelitian kebakaran hutan yang banyak dilakukan pasca terjadinya peristiwa kebakaran hutan dalam skala luas.

Indonesia possesses large and enormous forest resources. Its condition, however, tends to degraded and triggers to ecological and social problems. Many researches, especially forest governance researches, have been conducted in Indonesia and they cover wide aspects of forest governance. Research findings are suspected neither adopted nor implemented in policy process since there is no summary of the bulk and enormous research findings presented in a simple and an easy to understand form. Systematic review is proposed as one of methods to solve this research findings presentation problem. Purposes of this research are (1) to identify forest governance research achievements in Indonesia, and (2) to map forest governance research that has been conducted based on its relevance to forest management issues that will be resolved by Ministry of Environment and Forestry, study site, researcher affiliation, document type and scope of scientific articles, as well as trend of research undertaken. This study adopted a systematic review method used by Lowry et al. (2013) who are working in field of ecology and do not fully comply systematic review methodologies developed and widely used in medicine and social sciences.This research applies 13 keywords to assist screening process on a scientific database and related websites. This screening process is addressed to find scientific articles based on inclusion criteria. This research reveals that (1) this research is included 613 scientific articles for analyses purpose; (2) forest governance research mapping are a). research to support forest fire and climate change mitigation (through REDD+) policies present a big number (48,12%) and various aspects of researches, but not for other forest governance issues, such as community forestry, conservation, decentralization and Forest Management Unit, sustainable forest management practices, institutional issues, forestry industry, land tenure, restoration, as well as non timber forest products and other issues. b). forest governance researches have not been conducted evenly through Indonesia forest area. Dominant distribution of research location are in Kalimantan and Sumatra (38,66%) while other areas are not supported yet by adequate research, both in terms of quantity and diversity aspects of forest management. c). research related to forest governance are still dominated by Indonesian researchers who come from international research institutions and academics from universities in Indonesia (76,23%), especially those who conducting studies in the field of forestry. d). most of scientific articles included in this analysis are article type (83,52%), while form of reviews and conference papers are relatively few. e). trend of forest governance research conducted in Indonesia tends to increase by year, however, do not occur on forest fire issue, since researches were mostly conducted after occurrence of large scale forest fires.

Kata Kunci : review kualitatif, forest governance, ringkasan hasil penelitian