KERAGAMAN DAN KEMELIMPAHAN POPULASI MUSUH ALAMI KEPIK PENGISAP BUAH KAKAO Helopeltis spp. (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) DI PERKEBUNAN KAKAO PT. PAGILARAN, SAMIGALUH, YOGYAKARTA

WD. SYARNI TALA, Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Helopeltis spp. merupakan salah satu serangga hama utama pada tanaman kakao yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi buah kakao sebesar 50-60%. Upaya pengendalian hama ini telah dilakukan menggunakan insektisida kimia, insektisida nabati, dan musuh alami, namun penelitian mengenai musuh alami hama ini jumlahnya masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis musuh alami Helopeltis spp., tingkat keragaman serta kelimpahan populasi musuh alami tersebut di perkebunan kakao PT. Pagilaran, Samigaluh, Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Bidang Zoologi Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI. Prosedur kerja pada penelitian ini yaitu penentuan stasiun, koleksi serangga, pengawetan, identifikasi spesies, dan analisis data menggunakan rumus indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener dan rumus kelimpahan populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangga yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami Helopeltis spp. terdiri atas 22 spesies yang tergolong dalam kelompok predator yaitu Orthetrum sabina, Diplacodes trivialis, Crocothemis servillia, dan Neurothemis ramburii yang merupakan anggota Ordo Odonata, Pseudomantis sp. dan Gyromantis occidentalis yang merupakan anggota Ordo Mantodea, Harpactor sericans, Sycanus collaris, Astinus euagoras, dan Dindymus rubiginosus yang merupakan anggota Ordo Hemiptera, Odontoponera spp., Diacamma spp., Odontomachus sp., Polyrhachis spp., Dolichoderus thoracicus, Vollenhovia sp., Monomorium sp., dan Pheidole sp. yang merupakan anggota Ordo Hymenoptera. Serangga yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami Helopeltis spp. memiliki tingkat keragaman yang tinggi. Semut D. thoracicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) merupakan serangga yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami Helopeltis spp. dengan kemelimpahan populasi paling tinggi.

Helopeltis spp. is one of the main insect pest on cocoa that caused declining of cocoa pod production as many as 50-60%. The controls of this pest had been conducted using chemical insecticides, botanical insecticides and natural enemies. Yet, researches about natural enemies of this pest were still very restricted. The aim of this research were to know species, the diversity index and population abundance of natural enemies of Helopeltis spp. in PT. Pagilaran cocoa plantation, Samigaluh, Yogyakarta. This research had been conducted in Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University and Laboratory of Entomology, Zoology Division of Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The working procedures of this research were station determining, insect collecting, preservation, species identification, and data analysis using the diversity index of Shannon-Wiener and the population abundance formulation. The result of this research showed that potential insect as natural enemies of Helopeltis spp. consist of 22 predatory species namely Orthetrum sabina, Diplacodes trivialis, Crocothemis servillia, and Neurothemis ramburii which were members of Odonata Order, Pseudomantis sp. and Gyromantis occidentalis which were members of Mantodea Order, Harpactor sericans, Sycanus collaris, Astinus euagoras, and Dindymus rubiginosus which were members of Hemiptera Order, Odontoponera spp., Diacamma spp., Odontomachus sp., Polyrhachis spp., Dolichoderus thoracicus, Vollenhovia sp., Monomorium sp., and Pheidole sp. which were members of Hymenoptera Order. Potential insect as natural enemies of Helopeltis spp. had high diversity index value. D. thoracicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was potential insect as natural enemy of Helopeltis spp. with the highest population abundance.

Kata Kunci : Diversity, Population Abundance, Natural Enemies, Helopeltis spp.