PENGARUH SUHU KARBONISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET ARANG DARI BERBAGAI JENIS LIMBAH DAUN TANAMAN EKALIPTUS (Eucalyptus sp.)

NURINA LESTARIA N., Dr.Ir. J.P. Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Limbah daun ekaliptus (Eucalyptus sp.) sisa proses penyulingan minyak atsiri jumlahnya cukup melimpah dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan limbah tersebut adalah memanfaatkan limbah daun ekaliptus sebagai bahan baku briket arang. Bahan penelitian limbah daun ekaliptus diperoleh dari Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I, Gunung Kidul, D.I.Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karbonisasi dengan suhu 250derajatC, 300derajatC, dan 350derajat°C pada tiga jenis daun ekaliptus yaitu Eucalyptus deglupta, Eucalyptus alba, dan Eucalyptus tereticornis. Proses pengarangan dilakukan selama 2 jam. Arang diserbukkan dan disaring lolos 20 mesh dan tertahan 45 mesh, kemudian dicetak dengan sistem hidrolik manual tekanan 2.300 psi, selanjutnya dikeringkan. Pengujian kualitas briket arang meliputi parameter kadar air, berat jenis, nilai kalor, kadar abu, kadar zat mudah menguap dan kadar karbon terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan briket arang yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat-sifat sebagai berikut : kadar air 4,45% - 10,23%; berat jenis 0,75-0,95; nilai kalor 4.774,84 kal/g-6.271,45 kal/g; kadar abu 6,03%-12,73%; kadar zat mudah menguap 18,40%-52,23%; dan kadar karbon terikat 35,69%-72,82%. Briket arang kualitas terbaik didapatkan dari kombinasi jenis daun Eucalyptus deglupta dan suhu karbonisasi 350derajatC dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut: kadar air 4,81%; berat jenis 0,76; nilai kalor 6.656,92 kal/g; kadar abu 9,87%; kadar zat mudah menguap 18,40%; dan kadar karbon terikat 72,82%. Hasil pengujian kadar air briket arang memenuhi standar perdagangan briket arang Jepang dan SNI. Sedangkan kualitas nilai kalor memenuhi standar perdagangan briket SNI.

The utilization of Eucalyptus leaf waste (Eucalyptus sp.) which is resulted from oil refining process is very limited. One efforts to optimize the utilization of the waste is by exploit waste of Eucalyptus leaf as a raw material for charcoal briquette production. Eucalyptus leaves materials of this research are collected from Wanagama I Education Forest, Gunung Kidul, D.I.Yogyakarta. This research aims to determine the effects temperature of carbonization : 250degreeC, 300degreeC, and 350degreeC on the three types of Eucalyptus leaf are Eucalyptus deglupta, Eucalyptus alba, and Eucalyptus tereticornis. Carbonization process were completed for 2 hours. The charcoal turned into powder by 20 mesh filtered passes and hold 45 mesh, then pressed with the manual hydraulic system by 2,300 psi press load. The produced briquette was air dried for one week. The evaluation of charcoal briquette quality consist of following parameters : moisture content, spesific gravity, calorific value, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The result shows that the properties of charcoal briquette in this research are : moisture content of 4.45%-0.23%; spesific gravity 0.75-0.95; calorific value 4,774.84 kal/g-6,271.45 kal/g; ash content 6.03%-2.73%; volatile matter content 18.40%-52.23%; and fixed carbon 35.69%-72.82%. The best quality of charcoal briquette was obtained from Eucalyptus deglupta leaf with carbonization temperature of 350degree°C. Following characteristics of the best charcoal are : moisture content 4.81%; spesific gravity 0.76; calorific value 6,656.92 kal/g; ash content 9.87%; volatile matter content 18.40%; and fixed carbon 72.82%. The moisture content of charcoal briquette is fullfiled the charcoal briquette standard trading for Japan and SNI. While the quality of calorific value is fullfiled the charcoal briquette standard trading for SNI.

Kata Kunci : Limbah Daun, Briket Arang, Suhu Karbonisasi, Nilai Kalor