Pengaruh Penganekaragaman Makanan Terhadap Perubahan Berat Badan Anak Balita

JOHANA FRANI AMBESIANG, Dr. Toto Sudargo, S.K.M.,M.Kes; Dr.Ir. I Made Alit Gunawan, M.Si

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Masalah gizi merupakan penyumbang utama penyakit dan kematian dini ibu dan anak serta kekurangan gizi pada anak balita dapat mengganggu perkembangan yang sehat dan produktivitas seumur hidup. Prevalensi balita kurang gizi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe sebanyak 10,35% tahun 2009 dan Kecamatan Manganitu Selatan sebanyak 8,2%. Masih tingginya masalah gizi kurang pada balita antara lain karena asupan dan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi masih rendah hampir pada semua zat gizi. Asupan makanan yang beragam akan menentukan pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kecerdasan anak. Keragaman makanan yang baik mengakibatkan asupan zat gizi meningkat dan status gizi anak meningkat. Penelitian ini mencari perbedaan perubahan berat badan antara anak balita yang mengkonsumsi makanan beragam dan makanan tidak beragam. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penganekaragaman makanan terhadap perubahan berat badan anak balita Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional (non eksperimen) menggunakan rancangan kohort prospektif. Sampel penelitian adalah anak umur 24-56 bulan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi berjumlah 92 orang dan diikuti sampai 3 bulan ke depan serta dievaluasi setiap bulannya. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuesioner, formulir Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (semi FFQ) dan timbangan berat badan (dacin). Analisis data secara univariabel, bivariabel dengan chi-square dan t-test dengan Confidence Interval 95% (p<0,05). Analisis stratifikasi dengan Mantel-Haenszel. Hasil: Perubahan berat badan pada kelompok beragam sebesar 637,21 gram dan kelompok tidak beragam sebesar 413,95 gram; 95% CI = -41,83-488,34. Ini menunjukkan penganekaragaman makanan tidak bermakna terhadap perubahan berat badan anak balita. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh penganekaragaman makanan terhadap perubahan berat badan anak balita.

Background: Nutritional problem is a major contributor to illness and premature death of mothers and children as well as malnutrition in under-five children can interrupt the healthy development and life-long productivity. The prevalence of malnutrition under-five children in Sangihe Island District is as much as 10.35% in 2009 and Subdistrict of South Manganitu as much as 8.2%. The persistently high of under-five children malnutrition among others due to intake and nutrient sufficiency level that are still low in nearly all nutrients. Diverse food intake will determine the physical growth and intellectual development of children. The diversity of good food resulted in increased nutrient intake and nutritional status of children increased. This study looked for differences in weight change among under-five children who consume varied food and non-diversed food. Objective: To determine the effect of diversification of diet on body weight change of under-five children Method: Research’s type is observasional (non experiment) using kohort prospective design. Sample of research were children aged 24-56 months meeting the criteria of inclusion and exclusion amounted to 92 people and followed by 3 months further and evaluated every months. The instrument used in the study were questionnaires, form of Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (semi FFQ) and weight scales (dacin). Data analysis were univariable, bivariable with chi-square and t-test and Confidence Interval 95% (p<0,05). Analysis of stratification with Mantel-Haenszel. Results: Change in body weight in the diverse group were 637.21 grams and non-diverse group was amounted to 413.95 grams; 95% CI = -41,83-488,34. It shows the diversification of non- significant to the change in weight of under-five children. Conclusion: There was no effect of food diversification to change in body weight of under-five children.

Kata Kunci : Penganekaragaman makanan, berat badan, anak balita.