Pengembangan Ekowisata Birdwatching di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

SUSMIYATI, Dr. Ir. Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida, M.P.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Taman Nasional Karimunjawa memiliki potensi burung cukup tinggi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi ekowisata birdwatching. Untuk mengembangkan ekowisata birdwatching tersebut diperlukan data dan informasi mengenai potensi burung, lokasi potensial untuk ekowisata birdwatching serta strategi pengembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi burung sebagai obyek ekowisata birdwatching serta distribusinya, mengidentifikasi lokasi potensial, dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan ekowisata birdwatching di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Dalam penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi potensi burung digunakan metode daftar jenis MacKinnon. Untuk peta distribusi jenis burung disusun berdasarkan data spasial perjumpaan jenis burung di lapangan dengan menggunakan ArcGis 10.1. Penilaian lokasi potensial dilakukan dengan menganalisis aspek potensi burung, aspek kondisi lokasi dan preferensi pengunjung. Untuk strategi pengembangan ekowisata birdwatching dianalisis dengan menggunakan SWOT dan AHP. Potensi burung di 8 lokasi penelitian adalah 59 spesies yang termasuk dalam 29 famili. Distribusi spesies burung terbanyak di lokasi Legon Lele-Cikmas, (Pulau Karimunjawa) dan distribusi burung migran terbanyak di Terusan (Pulau Kemujan). Dari hasil analisis lokasi potensial menunjukkan bahwa lokasi pengamatan Legon Lele-Cikmas di Pulau Karimunjawa dan Lokasi Terusan di Pulau Kemujan merupakan lokasi potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai lokasi ekowisata birdwatching. Analisis SWOT dan AHP menghasilkan arahan strategi pengembangan ekowisata birdwatching yaitu (1) konservasi jenis, genetik dan ekologis; (2) rencana pengelolaan ekowisata birdwatching melibatkan para pihak; (3) pelatihan pemandu wisata birdwatching; (4) promosi wisata birdwatching; (5) membuat paket wisata birdwatching; dan (6) pembangunan/penyediaan sarana prasarana pendukung ekowisata birdwatching.

Karimunjawa national park has highly enough potential of bird that to be developed as birdwatching ecotourism. It requires data and information about the potential birds, the potential location of ecotourism and the development strategy. This study aims to identify of the potential birds and its distribution, the potential location and the formulation of birdwatching ecotourism development strategy. This study was conducted by using of MacKinnon Species Listing. while the spatial distribution data of birds processed by using ArcGis 10.1 for generating birds’ distribution map. Analyzing of potential location is done by considering the aspect of potential birds, the aspect of site condition and the preference of visitor derived from the interview of respondent. The development strategy of birdwatching ecotourism in Karimunjawa was analyzed by using Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP). The potential birds were found in eight research locations that are 59 species member of 29 families. It consists of 27% migratory birds and 73% of native species; 15 species of protected birds; three species of endemic; one species NT (Near Threatened) IUCN status; three species are listed as appendix II CITES. The most distribution of birds species are in LegonLele-Cikmas, Karimunjawa Island and the most distribution of migrant birds are in Terusan, Kemujan Island. Based on the analysis of potential location, it showed that two locations, LegonLele-Cikmas of Karimunjawa and Terusan of Kemujan Island, are potential location to be developed as potential location for birdwatching ecotourism. The Analyzing of SWOT and AHP of the birdwatching development strategy can be applied in Karimunjawa national park, namely (1) the conservation of species, genetic and ecology; (2) stakeholder involvement of management planning; (3) training of the birdwatching guide; (4) the birdwatching ecotourism promotion; (5) the making birdwatching tour ecotourism package; and (6) the development of infrastructure to support birdwatching ecotourism.

Kata Kunci : Ekowisata, Birdwatching, Strategi pengembangan, Lokasi potensial birdwatching