Optimasi Faktor Ekstraksi dalam Pembuatan Ekstrak Kulit Batang Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) Berdasarkan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

BAGAS PRASETYA F, Prof. Dr. Suwidjiyo Pramono, DEA, Apt.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Tanaman Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) memiliki berbagai khasiat secara empiris. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian yang sudah ada ekstrak kulit batang, daun dan buah semu jambu mete memiliki berbagai aktivitas seperti antiinflamasi, antihiperglikemi, antikanker, anti-fungi, antibakteri, antilarvasida, dan anti-Helicobacter pylori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekstraksi yang menghasilkan kadar fenol total optimum dengan variasi ukuran partikel serbuk, polaritas pelarut dan rasio bahan-pelarut. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) terdiri atas dua rancangan eksperimen, yaitu rancangan eksperimen orde I dan rancangan eksperimen orde II. Rancangan ekperimen orde I merupakan tahap penyaringan faktor (screening test) yang mengikuti desain One-Variable-At-A-Time. Sementara itu, rancangan eksperimen orde II merupakan tahap optimasi yang mengikuti Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Ekstraksi dilakukan pada variasi ukuran serbuk (30; 40; dan 50 mesh), polaritas pelarut (etanol 57,6; 67,2; dan 76,8%), dan rasio bahan-pelarut (1:6; 1:8; dan 1:10). Model yang dihasilkan melalui RSM untuk optimasi kadar fenol total adalah Y = 37.23 - 2,12 X1 + 1,08 X2 - 14.57,6 X3 + 6,65 X1X2 - 2,59 X1X3 - 1.28 X2X3 + 5,55 X12 - 3,93X22 + 1.89X32. Adapun kondisi optimum model RSM adalah ukuran partikel serbuk 49,94 mesh, polaritas pelarut etanol 73,13% dan rasio bahan-pelarut 1:6,34.

Crops Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) have various properties empirically. Based on studies, the extracts of bark, leaves and fruits of cashew has a variety of activities such as anti-inflammatory, antihiperglycaemia, anticancer, anti-fungal, antibacterial, antilarvasida, and anti-Helicobacter pylori. This study aims to determine the extraction conditions that produce optimum total phenol content with variations in particle size of the powder, the polarity of the solvent and solid-solvent ratio. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) consists of two design experiments, the 1st experimental design and the 2nd experimental design. The design of experiments I order a screening step factor (screening test) that follows the design of the One-Variable-At-A-Time. Meanwhile, a second order experimental design optimization phase that follows the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Extraction is done on the variation of powder size (30; 40; and 50 mesh), the polarity of the solvent (ethanol 57.6; 67.2; and 76.8%), and material-solvent ratio (1: 6; 1: 8; and 1:10). The RSM model for optimization of total phenol content is Y = 37.23 - 2,12 X1 + 1,08 X2 - 14.57,6 X3 + 6,65 X1X2 - 2,59 X1X3 - 1.28 X2X3 + 5,55 X12 - 3,93X22 + 1.89X32. The optimum conditions RSM models are mesh particle size powders 49.94, 73.13% ethanol solvent polarity and material-solvent ratio of 1 : 6.34. Keywords: cashew nuts, condensed tannins, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Box-Behnken design (BBD)

Kata Kunci : jambu mete, tanin terkondensasi, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Box-Behnken Design (BBD)