Pengaruh Morfologi dan Jumlah Akar Gigi Impaksi Molar Tiga Mandibula terhadap Komplikasi Pasca Odontektomi

LIA SARITA RISTIYANA, drg. Cahya Yustisia H., Sp.BM ; drg. Muh. Masykur Rahmat, Sp.BM(K) ; drg. Prihatiningsih S.u., Sp.BM

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Odontektomi adalah pencabutan gigi dengan pembedahan yang umum dilakukan pada gigi impaksi. Tingkat kesulitan odontektomi gigi molar tiga impaksi dipengaruhi banyak faktor seperti klasifikasi, morfologi akar, jumlah akar, usia, dan kepadatan tulang. Semakin sulit odontektomi, semakin tinggi insidensi komplikasi pasca odontektomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh morfologi (arah, penampang, ujung) dan jumlah akar gigi impaksi molar tiga mandibula terhadap komplikasi pasca odontektomi di RSGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis. Subjek penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 30 pasien berusia 18-35 tahun yang dilakukan odontektomi gigi impaksi molar tiga mandibula oleh residen bedah mulut dan maksilofasial pada November 2015 di RSGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke-1, ke-3, dan ke-7 pasca odontektomi untuk melihat terjadinya komplikasi. Komplikasi yang diamati adalah nyeri, edema, trismus, dry socket, dan parestesi dengan faktor pengaruh lain yang didata adalah jenis kelamin, jumlah larutan anestesi, lama odontektomi, dan kelompok operator. Analisis statistik menggunakan Fisher test menunjukkan morfologi (arah, penampang, ujung) dan jumlah akar gigi impaksi molar tiga mandibula tidak berpengaruh terhadap komplikasi pasca odontektomi (p>0,05). Kombinasi morfologi (arah, penampang, ujung) dan jumlah akar gigi impaksi molar tiga mandibula menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh terhadap komplikasi pasca odontektomi berdasar uji statistic Mann-Whitney (p>0,05). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah morfologi (arah, penampang, ujung), jumlah akar gigi impaksi molar tiga mandibula, dan kombinasi kedua variabel tidak berpengaruh terhadap komplikasi pasca odontektomi di RSGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta.

Odontectomy is a surgical tooth extraction that is indicated for impacted tooth. The difficulty of odontectomy is counted by many factors such as the clasification, morphology of the root, amount of the root, age, and density of the bone. The higher the difficulty, the higher the possibility for complication to occur. The aim of this study was to find the influence of morphology (the direction, the section, the tip) and amount of third lower tooth root to post odontectomy complication in RSGM Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta. This study is classified as descriptive analytic. The subjects recorded were 30 persons at age range of 18-35 years old who received odontectomy treatment for impacted third lower molar in November 2015. All subjects were treated by residen of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Observation was done in the first, third, and seventh day after odontectomy done to record the complication. Complications that observed were pain, edema, trismus, dry socket, and parestesia. Other factors recorded were gender, anesthesia liquid's amount, duration of odontectomy, and groups of operator. Fisher test that was applied showed there was no morphology and amount of third lower molar root of influence for post odontectomy complication (p>0,05). Mann-Whitney test showed the combination of morphology and amount of roots have no influence to post odontectomy complication (p>0,05). The conclusion of this study was morphology (the direction, the section, the tip) and amount third lower molar roots, and combination of both variables showed no influence for post odontectomy complication.

Kata Kunci : Gigi Impaksi, Odontektomi, Komplikasi Pasca Odontektomi