Evaluasi kebijakan pemberian makanan tambahan anak sekolah (PMT-AS) di kota Palangkaraya

ADRIS, Dr. Muhadjir Darwin

2003 | Tesis | Magister Administrasi Publik

Latar Belakang. Dari berbagai upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam rangka mensukseskan program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar 9 Tahun, seperti pengadaan ruang kelas, pengadaan guru, pengadaan alat-alat pendidikan beasiswa dan bentuk insentif lainnya, perhatian peneliti tertumpu pada program PMT-AS karena dipandang sebagai program yang berdampak baik bagi peningkatan kesehatan dan mendorong keaktifan bersekolah siswa di jenjang sekolah dasar. PMT-AS merupakan suatu bentuk kebijakan pemerintah pusat yang dilanjutkan dalam program pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi yang lebih berkualitas sehat jasmani dan rohani. PMT-AS merupakan pogram pemberian makanan tambahan/jajanan kepada siswa SD/MI di wilayah yang dikategorikan daerah miskin rentan terhadap kekurangan gizi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat efektifitas pelaksanaan PMT-AS di Kota Palangka Raya serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian efektifitas program. Hasil penelitian nantinya dikemas dalam bentuk laporan yang diharapkan dapat diguflakan bagi perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas pelaksanaan PMT-AS. Metode. Populasi penelitian ini adalah SD/MI sasaran PMT-AS dengan mengambil sampel 25 SD/MI di Kecamatan Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya. Data penelitian terdiri dari data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, data primer tentang variabel penelitian dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 462 siswa dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara untuk menghiypun informasi yang berhubungan dengan masalah-masalah koordinasi dan kualitas pehksanaan program. Hasil. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efektifitas pelaksanaan PMTAS di Kota Palangka Raya cukup baik walaupun dalam pelaksanaannya keterlibatan dan peranserta pihak di luar sekolah mash kurang. Tingkat efektifitas tersebut terlihat dari kepatuhan pelaksana dalam melaksanakan program, pemerataan distribusi program, dan tingkat keberhasilan yang dapat dicapai. Selama pelaksanaan PMT-AS terjadinya kenaikan persentase kehadiran siswa bersekolah, penurunan persentase siswa yang absen dengan alasan sakit, meningkatnya berat badan siswa, meningkatnya status gizi dan prestasi belajar siswa sesudah PMT-AS lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektifitas pelaksanaan PMT-AS adalah orientasi pelaksana, perilaku gizi orang tua siswa di rumah dan ketersediaan bahan pokok makanan tambahan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dapat diterima Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa dalam rangka mencapai efektifitas pelaksanaan PMT-AS maka variabel-variabel orientasi pelaksana, perilaku gizi orang tua dan ketersediaan bahan pokok perlu dipeaimbangkan dalam implementasi program dengan cara memberikan dukungan pemahaman yang baik kepada pelaksana program, pemahaman orang tua terhadap pentingnya pemeliharaan kesehatan dan gizi bagi anaknya di rumah dan kemudahan dalam penyediaan bahan pokok makanan tambahan di lingkungan sekitar sekolah

Background. From many efforts which is done by government in relation to succeed the program of Compulsory Education Elementary School 9 year, such as providing the classroom, providing the teacher, providing the school equipments, scholarship an the kind of other incentives, the attention of the reseacher focuses on the program of PMT-AS, besouse it is viewed as a program wich has a good impact for the improving of healthy and can support being active to school for student in the level of Elementary School. PMT-AS is a kind of central government policy which is continued in the program of government of Palangka Raya in relation to prepare the generation which has certain quality, having a spiritual and physical which is health. PMT-AS is a program of giving the supplement food to the students of SD/MI in the area, which is categorized as poor area, which is susceptible toward the nutrition deficiency. Purpose. This study is purposed to know the implementation effectivity level of PMTAS in Palangka Raya City also to know the factors which influence the achievement of program effectivity. The study result is made in the kind of report which is hoped that it can be used in the improving and developing the quality in the implementation of PMT-AS. Method. The study population is SD/MI the target PMT-AS by taking the sample 25 SD/MI in Pahandut District Palangka Raya Regency. The study data consists of secondary data which is collected through observation , primary data about the study variable is collected through the distribution of questioner to 462 students and is completed by interview to get the information which is related to the problems of coordination and the quality of program implementation. Result. The study result shows that the level of implementation effectivity of PMT-AS in Palangka Raya City is good enough, eventhough in its implementation, the involvement and participation of out school line is still less. The effectivity level is seen from the implementers obedience in implementing the program, distributing the program, and the success level, which can be achieved. During the implementation of PMT-AS, there is the increasing of student presence persentage to go to school, the decreasing of student absence persentage because of sick, the increasing of student's weight, the increasing of nutrition status and student learning achievement after the implementation of PMT-AS is better than before. The factors which influence the implementation effectivity of PMT-AS are the implementers orientation, the nutrition behavior of student's parent at home and the supplying of staple supplies of supplement food. It shows that the hypothesis which is proposed can be accepted. Conclution. The study gives a conclution that in relation to achieve the imlementation effectivity of PMT-AS, so the variables of the implementers orientation, the nutrition behavior of the parent and the supplying of staple supplies are important to considered in the program implementation, with the method by giving a good supporting of understanding to the program ipmelementers, the parent's understanding toward the importance of the caring of healthy and nutrition for their children at home and the ease in supplying of staple supplies of supplement food in environment of school around.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Program PMT,AS,Pemda TkII, Policy Evaluations, Giving the supplement food to student (PMT-AS) in SD/MI