Karakterisasi Humin, Asam Humat dan Asam Fulvat Dari Limbah Kelapa Sawit

PRASTIWI SEKAR RUKMI, Dr. Agus Kuncaka, DEA

2016 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

INTISARI Telah dilakukan ekstraksi senyawa humat dari humus sintetis limbah pelepah kelapa sawit yang meliputi fraksi humin dan asam humat dengan metode IHSS. Ekstraksi fraksi humat, yaitu humin dan asam humat dilakukan menggunakan NaOH 0,5 M. Untuk ekstraksi humin, humus sintetis diaduk dengan larutan NaOH 0,5 M. Endapan yang berupa fraksi humin dipisahkan dari filtratnya dan dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD. Filtrat kemudian diasamkan dengan HCl 6 M sampai pH 1, setelah itu ditambahkan KOH dan KCl hingga konsentrasi K+ 0,3 M. Endapan yang berupa asam humat dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR dan XRD. Analisis kapasitas tukar kation, karbon organik, nitrogen, pospor dan kalium juga dilakukan pada humus sintetis. Hasil ekstraksi didapat 63,5% dari massa total humus sintetis adalah fraksi humin dan 6,6% adalah fraksi asam humat. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR mengindikasikan bahwa pada humin dan asam humat terdapat gugus-gugus yanng mengindikasikan keberadaan karbohidrat, protein dan lemak. Karakterisasi dengan XRD dilakukan pada humin dan asam humat, didapat bahwa humin dan asam humat mempunyai struktur amorf. Pada humin terdapat mineral yang berupa silika, besi dan mineral-mineral lain. Hasil karakterisasi humus sintetik menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas tukar kation humus sintetis diperoleh sebesar 77,5 cmole/kg, karbon organik sebesar 13,9 %, nitrogen sebesar 2,4 %, pospor sebesar 4,4 %, kalium sebesar 3,12 % dan rasio C/N sebesar 5,79. Kata kunci : cCHARACTERIZATION OF HUMIN, HUMIC ACID AND SYNTHETIC HUMUS FROM PALM TREE WASTE Prastiwi Sekar Rukmi 09/283601/PA/12625 ABSTRACT A research to characterize humin and humic acid from synthetic humus made from waste of palm midrib that consist of humin and humic acid was conducted by IHSS method. Humin and humic acid were extracted using 0.5 M NaOH. 10 grams of synthetic humus was mixed with 100 mL of 0.5 M NaOH. Residual fraction considered as humin was characterized by using FTIR and XRD. The filtrate then was mixed with HCl until pH 1. Characterization using FTIR and XRD was also conducted to residual fraction considered as humic acid. The cation exchange capacity, total amount of organic carbon, nitrogen, phospor, potassium and C/N ratio were also determined from synthetic humus. The result showed that synthetic humus contained 63.5% humin and 6.6% humic acid. The characterization by FTIR showed humin and humic acid contain goups that indicated the presence of carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Characterization of humin and humic acid using XRD showed that humin and humic acid were amorphous. Humin had mineral such as silica, iron, and others. Characterization of synthetic humus showed a high value of cation exchange capacity (775 cmole/kg). Synthetic humus had total of organic carbon 13.9%, nitrogen 2.4%, phospor 4.4%, potassium 3.12% and ratio C/N 5.79.

ABSTRACT A research to characterize humin and humic acid from synthetic humus made from waste of palm midrib that consist of humin and humic acid was conducted by IHSS method. Humin and humic acid were extracted using 0.5 M NaOH. 10 grams of synthetic humus was mixed with 100 mL of 0.5 M NaOH. Residual fraction considered as humin was characterized by using FTIR and XRD. The filtrate then was mixed with HCl until pH 1. Characterization using FTIR and XRD was also conducted to residual fraction considered as humic acid. The cation exchange capacity, total amount of organic carbon, nitrogen, phospor, potassium and C/N ratio were also determined from synthetic humus. The result showed that synthetic humus contained 63.5% humin and 6.6% humic acid. The characterization by FTIR showed humin and humic acid contain goups that indicated the presence of carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Characterization of humin and humic acid using XRD showed that humin and humic acid were amorphous. Humin had mineral such as silica, iron, and others. Characterization of synthetic humus showed a high value of cation exchange capacity (775 cmole/kg). Synthetic humus had total of organic carbon 13.9%, nitrogen 2.4%, phospor 4.4%, potassium 3.12% and ratio C/N 5.79.

Kata Kunci : humic compounds, synthetic humus, humin, humic acid, cation exchange capacity