UJI TERATOGENIK FRAKSI ZAT PEDAS JAHE (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) PADA TIKUS BETINA GALUR SPRAGUE DAWLEY TINJAUAN TERHADAP BIOMETRIKA JANIN

LUH GEDE NOVI CANDRADEWI SUARMINI, Prof. Dr. Suwijiyo Pramono, DEA., Apt. ; Dra. Nurlaila, M.Si., Apt.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Jahe emprit (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang kesehatan. Pada wanita hamil, jahe banyak digunakan untuk mengobati mual-muntah di masa kehamilan (morning sickness). Namun, keamanan jahe bagi wanita hamil masih perlu diselidiki lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui keamanan konsumsi jahe untuk ibu hamil melalui uji teratogenik fraksi zat pedas jahe yang banyak mengandung senyawa 6-gingerol yang dicurigai bersifat teratogenik. Fraksi zat pedas jahe diujikan secara oral pada tikus putih betina galur Sprague-Dawley yang bunting. Sampel uji diperoleh melalui destilasi air rimpang kering jahe untuk memisahkan komponen minyak atsiri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan maserasi sisa hasil destilasi dengan etanol 70%. Pengujian dilakukan pada 4 kelompok uji yakni kelompok kontrol dengan CMC-Na 0,5% (I) dan kelompok dosis yang diberi sampel uji dengan dosis 35mg/kgBB (II), 70mg/kgBB (III), dan 140 mg/kgBB (IV). Pemberian sampel uji secara oral dilakukan selama masa organogenesis dan dilakukan pembedahan pada hari ke-20 masa bunting untuk diamati efeknya dengan tinjauan biometrika janin. Hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis secara statistik menggunakan metode Kruskal Wallis tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan (p lebih dari 0,05) akibat pemberian sampel uji terhadap bobot plasenta, bobot janin, panjang janin, resorpsi akhir, dan jumlah janin mati. Secara kualitatif, pemberian sampel uji dengan dosis 70mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan angka resorpsi akhir yang ditandai adanya janin mati dengan bobot kurang dari 0,8 gram. Pemberian sampel uji dengan dosis 70mg/kgBB dan 140mg.kgBB juga memicu terjadinya perlemakan plasenta yang dapat menghambat transfer nutrisi sehingga akan mempengaruhi bobot dan panjang janin serta dapat meningkatkan transfer senyawa toksik.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a herbaceous plant which is widely used in the medical field. As for pregnant women, this ginger is known as a folk medicine for treating nausea and vomiting during the pregnancy period (especially for those who are experiencing morning sickness). However, further investigation regarding the safety of ginger's medicinal use for the pregnant women is still needed. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the safety of ginger medication for the pregnant women throughout a teratogenic test of the spicy-substances inside the ginger. These spicy substances contain 6-gingerol compound which is suspected to have teratogenic characteristic. The spicy substances were tested orally on pregnant white rats (Sprague-Dawley). Sample containing the spicy substances was obtained by steam distillation of dried ginger rhizome to separate the essential oils and followed by maceration of the distillate with 70% ethanol. Overall experiments were carried out on the four test groups, i.e., one control group with 0.5% CMC-Na (I) and three dose groups with each sample's dose of 35 mg/kg body weight (II), 70 mg/kg body weight (III), and 140 mg/kg body weight (IV). Sample test was orally given during the organogenesis and surgery was then performed on the 20th day of the pregnancy period to observe the effect oral test by means of fetal biometry analysis. These observations were finally analyzed by using SPSS with 95% of accuracy. The results of statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis test were found to show no significant effect (with p more than 0.05) of the given sample to the placenta weight, the fetus weight, the fetus length, the final resorption, and the number of fetus death. Giving the sample with dose of 70 mg/kg body weight increased the rate of final resorption, which was indicated by the fetus death with less than 0.8 grams of weight. Furthermore, giving the sample with dose of 70 mg/kg body weight and 140 mg/kg body weight also led to formation of fatty placenta, which further inhibited the nutrients transport, enhanced toxic compounds transport, and finally affected the weight and the length of the fetus.

Kata Kunci : Zingiber officinale (Rosc.), zat pedas jahe, teratogenik, biometrika janin