Evaluasi Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Berapi di Kawasan Wisata Lava Tour Merapi Kabupaten Sleman
RAYSA RELEGIA A, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, M.A., Ph.D.
2016 | Skripsi | S1 PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTABencana alam menjadi salah satu ancaman bagi sektor pariwisata dikarenakan banyaknya kawasan wisata yang berlokasi di kawasan rawan bencana, salah satunya kawasan wisata Lava Tour Merapi yang rawan terhadap bencana gunung berapi. Olah karena itu, mitigasi bencana sangat diperlukan di kawasan wisata agar tidak timbul korban jiwa yang besar terutama bagi wisatawan dan pelaku wisata yang bergantung pada sektor wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pelaksanaan mitigasi bencana di kawasan Lava Tour Merapi terhadap kriteria mitigasi bencana serta memverifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya berdasarkan teori faktor-faktor pengetahuan bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam pengumpulan data (wawancara dan observasi lapangan) dan analisis data, sedangkan metode kuantitatif sedikit digunakan dalam analisis data. Sampel penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling yang terdiri dari perwakilan pemerintah pelaksana mitigasi bencana gunung berapi, pengelola dan penyedia jasa wisata di kawasan wisata Lava Tour Merapi, perwakilan pemerintah lokal, perwakilan masyarakat lokal, serta wisatawan yang dipilih secara accidental sampling. Pengumpulan dan analisis data dilakukan sejak bulan Februari hingga Juni 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan variabel mitigasi struktural yang telah sesuai dengan kriteria yaitu sebesar 59,09%, sedangkan pelaksanaan variabel mitigasi nonstruktural yang telah sesuai dengan kriteria yaitu sebesar 65,08%. Pelaksanaan subvariabel-subvariabel mitigasi bencana di kawasan Lava Tour Merapi memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang bervariasi terhadap kriteria. Pelaksanaan sistem peringatan dini seluruhnya sesuai dengan kriteria. Sebaliknya, pelaksanaan subvariabel pemetaan dan sosialisasi informasi kebencanaan memiliki tingkat kesesuaian terendah terhadap kriteria. Sebagian besar kriteria yang terkait langsung dengan kegiatan wisata belum terpenuhi. Faktor teknologi, lingkungan, manajerial/operasional, dan institusional mendukung pelaksanaan mitigasi bencana di kawasan wisata Lava Tour Merapi. Faktor hukum dan ekonomi tidak hanya mendukung tetapi juga menghambat pelaksanaan tata ruang berbasis mitigasi bencana di kawasan tersebut. Pelaku di kawasan Lava Tour Merapi perlu meningkatkan penggunaan teknologi dan kerja sama dengan berbagai pihak untuk mendukung pemetaan, sosialisasi informasi kebencanaan, pelatihan kebencanaan, dan penyusunan rencana kontinjensi yang melibatkan wisatawan dan pelaku wisata.
Natural disasters are becoming one threat for the tourism sector because many tourist areas are located in disaster-prone areas, one of them is Lava Tour Merapi tourist area which is prone to volcanic eruptions. Consequently, disaster mitigation is urgently needed in the tourist area to avoid or minimize the victims, especially for tourists and tour agents who depend on tourism sector. This study aimed to compare the implementation of disaster mitigation in the area of Lava Tour Merapi to the criteria of disaster mitigation and verify the factors that influence it based on the theory of disaster knowledge factors. This study uses qualitative-quantitative method. Qualitative method used in data collection (interviews and field observations) and data analysis, while quantitative method slightly used in data analysis. Samples were selected by purposive sampling, consisting of representatives from the government agencies related to disaster mitigation, Lava Tour Merapi’s area manager and travel service providers in Lava Tour Merapi tourist area, local government representatives, local community representatives, as well as some tourists were selected by accidental sampling. Collection and analysis of data conducted from February to June 2016. The results of this study showed that the implementation of structural mitigation variables that are in accordance with the criterias is equal to 59.09%, while the implementation of non-structural mitigation variables that are in accordance with the criterias is equal to 65.08%. The implementation of disaster mitigation’s subvariables in the Lava Tour Merapi tourist area has varying levels of conformity to the criterias. The implementation of early warning system subvariable entirely in accordance with the criterias. Instead, the implementation of mapping subvariable and dissemination of disaster information subvariable has the lowest level according to the criterias. Most of the criteria are directly related to tourism activities have not implemented yet. Technological factor, environmental factor, managerial/operational factor, and institutional factor support the implementation of disaster mitigation in Lava Tour Merapi tourist area. Legal and economic factors not only support but also interfere the implementation of spatial planning based on disaster mitigation in this tourist area. Area manager and tour agents in Lava Tour Merapi tourist area need to increase the use of technology and cooperation with various stakeholders to support the mapping, dissemination of disaster information, disaster training, and preparation of contingency plans involving tourists and tour agents.
Kata Kunci : mitigasi bencana, kawasan wisata, Lava Tour Merapi
