Impact of FDI on Bangladesh Garment Industry towards Women Labor Conditions

EMERALDA ARYUNI, Dr. Nanang Pamuji Mugasejati

2016 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Investasi asing langsung telah memberi manfaat bagi ekonomi Banglades melalui industri garmen, dimana menyebabkan garmen Banglades menjadi global. Pemerintah Banglades menciptakan lingkungan yang ramah bagi para investor asing melalui berbagai macam insentif. Disamping itu, industri garmen menyediakan pekerjaan bagi jutaan orang terutama wanita. Industri garmen membuka kesempatan bagi pekerja wanita untuk mengakses pekerjaan yang lebih baik, meningkatkan status ekonomi dan sosial mereka. Ketika sektor garment terus meningkat setiap tahun, ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Peristiwa runtuhnya bangunan Rana Plaza pada tahun 2013 telah meningkatkan kewaspadaan di sektor garmen. Akibat runtuhnya bangunan Rana Plaza, lebih dari seribu nyawa hilang dengan tragis,. Menyusul insiden Rana Plaza, pemerinta, pembuat kebijakan, pemegang kepentingan, dan LSM membentuk kesepakatan atau perjanjian dalam rangka memperbaiki kondisi kerja industri garmen. Melalui program ini, para penandatangan mewajibkan pemasok mereka untuk menerima dan mengikuti inspeksi di pabrik-pabrik tersebut. Melihata Masalah diatas, penelitian ini kemudian berfokus kepada kondisi pekerja wanita yang dipengaruhi oleh investasi asing tidak langsung. Dan kemudia penelitian ini akan melihat apakah hukum yang telah berlaku saat ini, internasional dan nasional, dapat menjamin hak-hak pekerja wanita dalam industry garment.

Foreign Direct Investment has benefited Bangladesh economy through garment industry that led Bangladesh’s garment became global. The government of Bangladesh creates a friendly environment for foreign investor by giving many incentives. Besides, the garment industry provides employment of million workers especially women. It opens opportunities for women to access better job, increase their economic and social status. While the garment sector keep increasing year by year, there are numerous reasons to be concerned. The events of 2013, the collapse of Rana Plaza, have increased the awareness on the garment sector in Bangladesh. Due to the collapse of the Rana Plaza, more than 1,100 lives tragically lost. Following the Rana Plaza incident, government, policy makers, stakeholders, and NGOs establish agreement in order to improve the working conditions of garment industries. As a response towards the Rana Plaza incident, H&M, one of the biggest retailer in the world signed the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh and Alliance for Bangladesh Safety Worker Safety. Through this agreement, the signatories must require their supplier to accept and follow inspection in their factories. Seeing the issue above, there researcher has then focus on the condition of women workers which affected by the Foreign Direct Investment, focusing on their working conditions, working hours, and wages. And then the researcher will see if the existing laws both international and national could guarantee the rights of women workers in the garment industry.

Kata Kunci : Garment Industry, Women Workers, ILO, Foreign Direct Investment