Hubungan Antara Frekuensi Konsumsi Jajanan yang Mengandung Monosodium Glutamat dengan Kejadian Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPP/H) pada Anak di Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Banguntapan

SARAH MAULIDA, Elisabeth S. Herini; Susetyowati

2015 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Sudah bukan rahasia lagi jika jajanan anak di sekolah mengandung berbagai macam zat berbahaya seperti penyedap rasa atau monosodium glutamat (MSG). Namun hal ini dianggap wajar oleh para penjual jajanan di sekolah agar jajanan terasa nikmat. MSG diindikasikan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku anak terutama anak gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPP/H). Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini secara umum adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran konsumsi MSG makanan dalam jajanan terhadap anak dengan GPP/H di Yogyakarta Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan case-control. Responden dipilih berdasarkan skrining Abbreviated Connees Teacher Rating Scale (ACTRS) yang di isi oleh guru, Skala Penilaian Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI) yang di isi oleh orang tua dan hasil diagnosis menggunakan keusioner Diagnostic and Statistic Manual IV (DSM-IV) yang dilakukan oleh psikolog ahli tumbuh kembang anak. Masing - masing kelompok kasus dan control diwawancarai menggunakan Food Frequency Quetioner (FFQ) jajanan anak yang terdiri dari 6 item kelompok jajanan. Data dianalisis secara statistic menggunakan chi-square test Hasil: Ujichi-square test didapatkan Odds Ratio (OR) 14,091 pada jajanan 2 (cimol aneka rasa) dan p-value 0,003; OR 19,286 pada jajanan 3 (aneka olahan aci) dan p-value < 0,001; OR 6,333 pada jajanan 4 (snack komersial) dan p-value 0,001; OR 5,800 padajajanan 5 (snack olahan rumah) dan p-value 0,008; OR 27,353 pada jajanan 6 (bakso, soto dan mie instan) dan p-value < 0,001, menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari konsumsi jajanan 2,3,4,5 dan 6 terhadap anak yang mengalami GPP/H. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara konsumsi jajanan berupa cimol aneka rasa, aneka olahan aci, snack komersial, snack olahan rumah, bakso, soto dan mie instan terhadap anak yang mengalami GPP/H.

Background : It's not a secret anymore if school snacks contained dangerous substace being or Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). But this is tought as normal thing for the seller, in order to have delicious taste. MSG was indicated can affect children behavior especially for the children with Attentin Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Objective : The objective of this study is to know the consumption level of snacks with MSG by children with ADHD in Yogyakarta Method : This research used case-control design. The variables observed from this research were severity of GPP/H children and consumption level of MSG contained in snacks. Screening tools of ADHD children were Abbreviated Connees Teacher Rating Scale (ACTRS) and SPPAHI, diagnostic's tool was Diagnostic and Statistic Manual IV (DSM-IV) form, and consumption level was measured using Food Frequency Quetioner (FFQ) for snack. Variable in this research were analyzed by using chi-square test. Result : From chi-square test, snack number 2 (Cimol various flavor) was contained Odds Ratio (OR) 14.091 and p-value 0.003; snack number 3 (various of aci) was contained OR 19.286 and p-value <0.001; snack number 4 (snack commercial) was contained OR 6.333 and p-value 0.001; snack number 5 (home made snack) was contained OR 5.800 and p-value 0.008; snack number 6 (meatball, soto and instant noodles) was contained OR 27.353 and p-value <0.001, Was shown significant affect from the snack 2,3,4,5 and 6 to the childrens with ADHD Conclusion : There is relation between consumption of snacks containing MSG with ADHD

Kata Kunci : GPP/H, jajanan, MSG, ADHD, Snack Consumption