Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian: (1) mendiskripsikan pola kerusakan akibat gempabumi di Bantul, (2) menganalisis karakteristik detail geomorfologi di Bantul, (3) menganalisis karakteristik bawah permukaan di Bantul, (4) menganalisis korelasi spasial antara pola kerusakan gempabumi dan karakteristik geomorfologi di Bantul, (5) menganalisis korelasi spasial antara karakteristik geomorfologi dan karakteristik bawah permukaan di Bantul, dan (6) menganalisis korelasi spasial antara pola kerusakan gempabumi dan karakteristik bawah permukaan di Bantul. Teknik penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) diterapkan untuk menganalisis pola kerusakan gempabumi dan karakteristik geomorfologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua teknik geofisika, yaitu analisis gravitasi dan geolistrik untuk menafsirkan karakteristik bawah permukaan. Selain itu, analisis korelasi spasial juga diterapkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara: pola kerusakan gempabumi dan karakteristik geomorfologi, karakteristik geomorfologi dan karakteristik bawah permukaan, pola kerusakan gempabumi dan karakteristik bawah permukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan gempabumi di Kabupaten Bantul terdiri dari 34,88% rusak parah, 4,75% rusak sedang, dan 60,37% rusak ringan. Kerusakan parah dan sedang terjadi di daerah dataran Bantul. Umumnya, kerusakan ringan terjadi di daerah perbukitan dan pegunungan Bantul. Bentuklahan secara umum di Bantul terdiri dari 6 bentuklahan berdasarkan genesisnya, yaitu: fluvial, marine, aeolian, solusional, denudasional, dan struktural. Selain itu, struktur bawah permukaan dataran rendah Bantul berupa asimetris graben. Kedalaman basemen graben bervariasi hingga 1,6 km. Kedalaman sedimen bervariasi antara 3 – 150 m. Sedimen alluvium tebal yang tidak terkonsolidasikan menempati bagian timur dataran aluvial yang dekat gawir dan Pegunungan Baturagung. Sedimen alluvium dangkal yang tidak terkonsolidasikan menempati bagian bagian barat dataran aluvial dekat bukit sisa dan perbukitan denudasional. Kedalaman muka airtanah dangkal menempati bentuklahan fluvial, marine, dan aeolian. Sebaliknya, Kedalaman muka airtanah dalam menempati bentuklahan denudasional, struktural, dan solusional. Selain itu, bentuklahan fluvial, marine, dan aeolian memiliki nilai kerapatan (densitas) batuan rendah, yang menunjukkan material penyusun tebal yang tidak terkonsolidasikan berupa alluvium Kuarter. Daerah tersebut rentan terhadap gempa. Sementara bentuklahan denudasional, struktural, dan solusional terdiri dari material terkonsolidasi berupa batuan Tersier yang memiliki memiliki nilai kerapatan (densitas) batuan tinggi yang aman terhadap gempa. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) analisis geomorfologi dapat diterapkan untuk analisis pola kerusakan gempabumi dan (2) hasil penelitian dapat diterapkan untuk analisis kerentanan gempa berdasarkan analisis geomorfologi dengan rentang skala 1:100.000 - 1:50.000 .

The research was carried out in Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The research objectives were: (1) to illustrate the earthquake damage pattern in Bantul, (2) to analyze the detail geomorphological characteristic of Bantul, (3) to analyze the subsurface characteristic in Bantul, (4) to analyze the spatial correlation between earthquake damage pattern and geomorphological characteristic in Bantul, (5) to analyze the spatial correlation between geomorphological characteristic and subsurface characteristic in Bantul, and (6) to analyze the spatial correlation between earthquake damage pattern and the subsurface characteristic in Bantul. Remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems techniques were applied to analyze the earthquake damage pattern and the geomorphological characteristic. This research employs two geophysical techniques, i.e. gravity and geoelectric analysis for interpreting the subsurface characteristic. In addition, spatial correlation analysis was also applied to identify the correlation between: earthquake damage pattern and geomorphological characteristic, geomorphological characteristic and subsurface characteristic, earthquake damage pattern and the subsurface characteristic. The results show that the earthquake damage in Bantul District consist of 34.88% severely damage, 4.75% moderately damage, and 60.37% slightly damage. The severely and moderately damages occurred in the plain area of Bantul. Generally, the slightly damage occurred in the hill and mountain area of Bantul. The general landforms of the Bantul area consist of 6 landforms based on their genesis, i.e. fluvial, marine, aeolian, solutional, denudational, and structural landform. In addition, the subsurface structure of Bantul lowland is asymmetric graben. The basement depth of graben varies up to 1.6 km. The sediment depth is varied between 3 – 150 m. The thick unconsolidated alluvium sediment occupies the eastern part of alluvial plain close to the Baturagung Range escarpment. The shallow unconsolidated alluvium sediment occupies the western part of alluvial plain close to the isolated hill and the denudational hill. The shallower water level occupies fluvial, marine, and aeolian landforms. On the contrary, the deeper water level occupies structural, denudational, and solutional landforms. Moreover, the fluvial, marine, and aeolian landforms have low rock density value. These indicate that they were composed of thick unconsolidated material of Quaternary alluvium. They were prone to earthquake. While denudational, structural, and solutional landforms composed of consolidated material of Tertiary rocks that have high rock density value that safe to earthquake. Based on the results can be conclude that: (1) geomorphological analysis can be applied for earthquake damage pattern analysis and (2) the research results can be applied for earthquake susceptibility analysis based on geomorphological analysis with scale range 1:100,000 – 1:50,000.

Kata Kunci : karakteristik geomorfologi, karakteristik bawah permukaan, pola kerusakan akibat gempabumi, Bantul, Indonesia