Penyakit infeksi saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk penyakit yang disebabkan enteropatogen seperti Salmonella typhi (Achmadi, 1997) dan Escherichiae coli (Pitono et al.,1991). Awal infeksi pada beberapa enteropatogen ditandai terbentuknya koloni pada permukaan mukosa intestinal dan terinfeksinya jaringan hospes (Finlay dan Falkow, 1989). Pili, suatu alat untuk melekat pada permukaan mukosa, penting dalam awal patogenesis invasi bakteri (Finlay dan Falkow, 1989). Aktifitas fisiologi diperlukan untuk perlekatan bakteri pada membran mukosa (Fletcher, 1980). Jika aktifitas tersebut disekat oleh zat penghambat, proses perlekatan akan berkurang atau hilang. Meningkatnya resistensi bakteri patogen menyebabkan pencarian akan antibiotika baru terus dilakukan termasuk dari tanaman (Ahmad dan Beg, 2001). Momordica charantia.,L adalah tanaman yang mengandung Ribosome Inactivating Protein, suatu protein yang mampu menghambat sintesis protein eukariot (Barbieri et al.,1993) dan memiliki aktivitas antimikroba beberapa enterobakteri (Omoregbe et al.,1996). Melalui pendekatan peran pili pada infeksi enteropatogen dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat serta mengingat masih tingginya insidensi infeksi yang disebabkan S. typhi dan E. coli maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai efek antibakteri Ribosome Inactivating Protein dari biji M. charantia.,L terhadap S. typhi dan E. coli. Penelitian dibagi dalam 5 tahap. Pertama, isolasi RIP dari biji M. charantia.,L dengan pengendapan menggunakan dapar fosfat 5mM. Kedua, uji aktivitas pemotongan DNA superkoil terhadap sampel. Ketiga, penentuan uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode Kirby-Bauer dan metode Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. Keempat, isolasi protein pili. Separasi protein pili menggunakan 10% SDS-PAGE. Hasil pene litian menunjukkan bahwa RIP dari biji M. charantia, L mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. typhi tetapi tidak mampu menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli mulai kadar 0,78μg/ml sampai kadar 200μg/ml. RIP juga mampu mempengaruhi gambaran protein pili S. typhi berupa penuruan ekspresi protein pili dan diekspresikannya protein-protein yang mungkin termasuk dalam Heat shock protein.

Infectious diseases still become community health problem untill now, include the disease caused by enteropathogen bacteria such as Salmonella typhi (Achmadi, 1997) and Escherichiae coli (Pitono et al., 1991). The early of infection caused by enteropathogen are indicated by the formation of bacterial coloni on intestinal surface mucosa and hospes tissue infection (Finlay dan Falkow, 1989). Pili, one of adherence instrument on mucosa is important factor for the early pathogenesis of bacteria invasion (Finlay dan Falkow, 1989). Physiology activities were needed for bacteria adherence on mucosa membrane (Fletcher,1980). When those activities were blocked by inhibitory agent, the adherence process will decrease or loose. The increase of pathogen bacterial resistace have lead to search new antib iotica, include from plant (Ahmad dan Beg, 2001).Momordica charantia L, plant contain Ribosome Inactivating Protein, an active protein which is able to inhibit protein synthesis on eukariot (Barbieri et al., 1993) and have antimicrobial activities against enterobacteria (Omoregbe et al., 1996). The aim of this project was to find out the antibacterial effect of RIP from M. charantia.,L seed’s towards S. typhi and E. coli and the effect on pili protein profile. The examination is divided into 5 stages. The first, RIP isolation from M. charantia.,L seed’s by pounding and using precipitation with 5 mM buffer phosphate. The second, activity test of super coiled DNA slaughtering from the sample. The third, antibacterial activity test using Kirby-Bauer method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method. The forth, protein pili isolation. At the end stage, pili protein is separated by 10% SDS-PAGE. The result observation showed that RIP of M. charantia.,L seed’s, was capable to inhibit S. typhi growth but it was not capable to inhibit E. coli growth from concentration 0,78μg/ml up to 200μg/ml. RIP of M. charantia.,L seed was also capable to influence S. typhi pili protein profile shown by pili protein expression declining and the proteins expression which might belong to Heat shock protein.

Kata Kunci : Penyakit Infeksi,Tanaman Obat,Momordica Charantia L