PENGARUH MEDIA EMPAT JENIS KAYU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MISELIA DUA JENIS JAMUR KONSUMSI

ALMARATUSH S.R., Dr. Denny Irawati, S.Hut., M.Si.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Budidaya jamur kuping dan lingzhi di Indonesia selama ini menggunakan media dari serbuk kayu sengon. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai jenis kayu lain yang sesuai untuk budidaya jamur kuping dan lingzhi sejauh ini masih belum banyak didapatkan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan berbagai jenis serbuk kayu sebagai media untuk budidaya jamur kuping dan lingzhi, agar didapat alternatif media sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktifitas jamur tersebut. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 4 jenis kayu sebagai media yaitu kayu mangga (Mangifera indica), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), dan nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). Keempat jenis kayu tersebut kemudian dibuat media dengan menambahkan 12,5% (b/b) bekatul dan 6% (b/b) CaCO3, serta aquades hingga kadar air medianya menjadi 70%. Media kemudian dimasukkan ke cawan petri (Diameter 90 mm), disterilisasi, dan diinokulasi jamur kuping dan lingzhi. Media kemudian diletakkan dalam inkubator, dengan suhu plus minus 25derajatC, dan diukur kecepatan pertumbuhan miselianya setiap 2 hari serta kadar glukosaminnya setelah 50 hari masa inkubasi. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis kimia terhadap media masing-masing jenis kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kayu yang berbeda menghasilkan media dengan komponen kimia yang berbeda, kecuali kadar lignin terlarut asam. Rerata kecepatan pertumbuhan miselia jamur kuping dan lingzhi tertinggi terdapat pada media yang terbuat dari kayu mangga (2,09 dan 3,09 mm/hari). Kadar glukosamin tertinggi untuk jamur kuping dan lingzhi terdapat pada media yang terbuat dari kayu mangga (113,15 mikrogram/g) dan mahoni (110,47 mikrogram/g). Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar hemiselulosa media dengan kadar glukosamin jamur kuping dan korelasi negatif antara kadar ekstraktif larut etanol-toluen dan alfaselulosa media dengan kadar glukosamin jamur kuping.

Wood ear and lingzhi mushrooms cultivation in Indonesia is still using sengon (Falcataria sp.) sawdust as media. The further information of other wood types which are suitable for wood ear and lingzhi mushrooms cultivation have not been much known. Therefore, this research used various species of wood sawdust as media for the growth of wood ear and lingzhi mushroom as alternative media in order to improve the productivity. In this research, four species of wood were used as a media, i.e. mangga (Mangifera indica), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), and nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). The sawdust were made into media by adding 12,5% (w/w) of rice bran, 6% (w/w) CaCO3, and distilled water until the water content of the media reached 70%. The media were put into the petridish (Diameter 90 mm), sterilized, and were inoculated with wood ear and lingzhi mushrooms. Then the media were placed in an incubator at a temperature of plusminus 25 derajat C, and the mycelia growth length were measured every 2 days and glucosamine content were examined after 50 days of incubation. Chemical analysis for each media species of wood was also conducted. The result showed that different wood species produced media with different chemical contents, except the acid soluble lignin content. The highest averages of wood ear and lingzhi mushroom length mycelia growth were showed in the media made of mangga (2,09 and 3,09 mm/day). The highest glucosamine content of wood ear and lingzhi mushroom was found on media made of mangga (113,15 mikrogram/g) and mahoni (110,47 mikrogram/g). Positive correlations between hemicellulose content of media and glucosamine content of wood ear mushroom and negative correlation between ethanol-toluene extracts and alfacellulose content of media and glucosamine content of wood ear mushroom were found.

Kata Kunci : Jamur kuping; jamur lingzhi; kimia media; kecepatan pertumbuhan miselia; kadar glukosamin.