Resiliensi pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa

JOSHUA HERMAN, Sofia Retnowati, Prof. Dr., MS.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PSIKOLOGI

Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Sosial menyebutkan bahwa sampai dengan tahun 2010 terdapat 11.580.117 jiwa yang merupakan penyandang disabilitas dan 1.852.866 diantaranya merupakan penyandang tuna daksa. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena tingginya angka kecelakaan serta bencana alam yang dialami Indonesia. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai cara untuk memperlakukan serta fasilitas yang kurang ramah terhadap tuna daksa menyebabkan penyandang tuna daksa merasa stres, terutama bagi mereka yang menjadi tuna daksa karena kondisi traumatis (kecelakaan dan bencana alam). Namun faktanya terdapat sejumlah penyandang tuna daksa yang mampu bangkit dari kondisi stres tersebut, kemampuan tersebut dinamakan resiliensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dinamika resiliensi penyandang tuna daksa. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan wawancara dan observasi terhadap 2 orang penyandang tuna daksa. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyandang tuna daksa mencapai kondisi resilien dengan melakukan koping efektif, tergerak untuk membantu teman-teman difabel, serta mampu menerima dan bersyukur terhadap kondisinya. Faktor internal individu yang turut berpengaruh terhadap kondisi resilien penyandang tuna daksa antara lain keinginan untuk terus belajar, tekun beribadah, tetap bersukacita, pantang menyerah serta optimis dalam menghadapi permasalahan. Faktor eksternal yang berupa dukungan juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap kondisi resilien penyandang tuna daksa. Dukungan yang diterima penyandang tuna daksa berupa dukungan emosional, dukungan instrumental, dukungan kelompok, dukungan informasi dan dukungan penghargaan.

Data center and the information of the Ministry of Social Affairs confirm that until the year of 2010, there were 11.580.117 people with disabilities, and 1.852.866 of them are physically disabled. This phenomenon is caused by the high number of accidents and natural dissasters in Indonesia. The lack of knowledge in how to treat and less-friendly facilities on physically disabled people lead to increasing level of stress on them, particularly on those who became physically disabled due to traumatic conditions (accidents and natural dissasters). In fact, there are some physically disabled people who are able to rise from stressful and nerve-racking situation, with the ability called resilience. This research aims to explain and clarify the dynamics of resilience in people with physical disabilities. Data were collected by conducting interviews and observations on people with physical disabilities. The result of this research indicates that physically disabled people are able to achieve resilience by effective coping, encouraged to help others with disabilities, as well as being able to accept and be grateful in such condition. Individual internal factors which affecting the resilience in people with physical disabilities are the desire to continue learning, obedient in God, rejoicing the situation, being tough and unyielding, and also being optimistic in facing the problems. External factors such as support also has influence towards the condition of physically disabled people. Supports which acknowledged and helped the physically disabled people are emotional support, instrumental support, group support, information support, and award support.

Kata Kunci : Resiliensi, Tuna Daksa / Resiliency, Physical, Disabilities