Prarancangan Pabrik Sikloheksan Dari Benzen Kapasitas 100.000 Ton/Tahun
CLAUDINO DE ALMEIDA CABRAL, Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M. Eng, D. Eng
2014 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIAINTISARI Proses pembuatan sikloheksana dengan hidrogenasi benzene berlangsung pada reaktor fixed bed multitube dengan kondisi non isothermal – non adiabatic menggunakan katalis nickel alumina. Reaksi berlangsung pada fase gas dengan suhu 250 – 350 0C dan tekanan 20 atm. Reaksi yang terjadi sangat eksotermis maka digunakan dowtherm T sebagai pendingin. Pabrik sikloheksana berkapasitas 100.000 ton / tahun ini akan didirikan di Cilacap, Jawa Tengah dengan areal tanah seluas 3,5 Ha dan karyawan 156 orang. Bahan Baku Utama adalah benzena dan hidrogen yang diproses untuk memperoleh sikloheksan dengan kebutuhan bahan baku benzen sebanyak 11.258,3247 kg/jam, H2 sebanyak 897,5364 kg/jam dan Furfural sebanyak 10,5326 kg/jam. Produk yang dihasilkan adalah sikloheksana sebanyak 11 .994,5657 kg/jam. Panas dari Reboiler-01 sebanyak 1.290,6615 kJ/ton produk, kebutuhan panas di vaporizer sebanyak 355,446 kJ/ton produk. Panas di berbagai HE sebanyak 1322715,112 kJ/ton produk. Kebutuhan air untuk utilitas sebanyak 331.562,9 kg air/ Ton Produk,. Kebutuhan air yang diperlukan Kondenser-01 dan Kondenser-02 sebanyak 13.462,4916 kg/ton produk. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, pabrik sikloheksana ini mempunyai data – data sebagai berikut : Dari perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi diperoleh : 1. Fixed Capital Cost = Rp 55.072.690.448,00 + $ 12.138.481,00 2. Working Capital Cost = Rp 163.703.724.460,00+ $ 12.923.522,00 3. Production Cost = Rp 1.227.189.150.697,00 4. ROI before taxes = 45,23 % ROI after taxes = 22,62 % 5. Profit before taxes = 1,81 Tahun ( maksimal 5 Tahun) Profit after taxes = 3,07 Tahun 6. BEP (Break Event Point) = 49.13% 7. SDP(Shut Down Point) = 34,64% 8. DCF(Discounted Cash Flow) = 17,67 % Hasil analisis ekonomi di atas menunjukkan bahwa Pabrik sikloheksana dari benzen dengan kapasitas 100.000 ton/tahun ini cukup menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.
ABSTRACT The process of making cyclohexane by benzene hydrogenation takes place in a fixed bed reactor multitube with nickel alumina catalyst in non- isothermal and- non- adiabatic condition The reaction takes place in the gas phase at temperature of 250-350 0C and pressure of 20 atm . the reaction which occur is exothermic reaction that’s why needed dowtherm T as a coolant . Cyclohexane Plant capacity of 100,000 tons / year will be established in Cilacap , Central Java with a land area of3.5 hectares and employees 156 people . Main Raw Material is benzene and hydrogen which processed to obtain cyclohexane needs benzene as much 11258.3247 kg / hour , H2 as 897.5364 kg / hour and Furfural as 10.5326 kg / hour . The resulting product is cyclohexane as 11994.5657 kg / hour . Heat from the reboiler 01 as much 1290.6615 kJ / ton of product , need as much heat in the vaporizer 355 446 kJ / ton of product . Heat in a range of HE as 1322715.112 kJ / ton of product .Water requirements for utilities as much 331.5629 kg / Ton Products and for the Condenser -01 and Condenser - 02 as 13462.4916 kg / ton of product . Based on the economic analysis , the cyclohexane plant have data as follows : Economic evaluation of the calculation is obtained : 1 . Fixed Capital Cost = USD $ 12,138,481.00 55,072,690,448.00 + 2 . Working Capital Cost = Rp 163,703,724,460.00 + $ 12,923,522.00 3 . Production Cost = Rp 1,227,189,150,697.00 4 . The ROI before taxes = 45.23 % ROI after taxes = 22.62 % 5 . Profit before taxes = 1.81 years ( maximum 5 years) Profit after taxes = 3.07 Years 6 . BEP ( Break Even Point ) = 49.13 % 7 . SDP ( Shut Down Point ) = 34.64 % 8 . DCF ( Discounted Cash Flow ) = 17.67 % The results of the economic analysis above shows that the cyclohexane from benzene plant with a capacity of 100,000 tonnes / year is quite interesting to study further .
Kata Kunci : Sikloheksan,hidrogenasi, fixed bed multitube reaktor
