Tingkat Kerentanan Sosial Ekonomi Petani Terhadap Jatuhan Piroklastik Gunungapi (Kasus : Desa Ngargomulyo, Kecamatan Dukun, Kabupaten Magelang)

IFA MEILYANA SARI, Alia Fajarwati, S.Si, M.IDEA ; Dr. Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei, M.Sc

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Ngargomulyo yang berada dalam kawasan berpotensi terlanda lontaran batu pijar dan hujan abu lebat serta berada dalam Kawasan Rawan Bencana III Gunungapi Merapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Mengkaji tingkat kerentanan sosial ekonomi petani Desa Ngargomulyo dalam menghadapi ancaman jatuhan piroklastik Gunungapi Merapi; 2) Mengkaji upaya yang dilakukan oleh stakeholder kebencanaan untuk mengurangi kerentanan sosial-ekonomi petani di Desa Ngargomulyo pada setiap tahapan dalam siklus manajemen bencana. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskripitif kuantitatif untuk tujuan yang pertama dan deskiptif kualitatif untuk tujuan yang kedua. Pengambilan sampel untuk tujuan yang pertama menggunakan metode proportional random sampling dengan mengambil 10 % dari keseluruhan populasi. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 53 responden. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Metode AHP (Analytical Hierarki process) digunakan untuk menyusun bobot bagi masing-masing variabel dan faktor penyusun kerentanan sosial ekonomi petani. Pengambilan data untuk tujuan yang kedua dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literature dokumen-dokumen kebencanaan dan indept interview dengan BPBD Kabupaten Magelang, Pemerintah Desa dan Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan Kecamatan Dukun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 53 responden, 25 persen responden memiliki kerentanan sosial ekonomi tinggi, 47 persen memiliki kerentanan sosial ekonomi sedang dan 28 persen responden memiliki kerentanan sosial ekonomi rendah. Tinggi rendahnya kerentanan sosial ekonomi petani berkaitan dengan kepemilikan aset petani. Petani dengan dukungan aset natural yang lemah dan secara sosial kurang beruntung lebih rentan terhadap bahaya jatuhan piroklastik. Pemerintah Desa Ngargomulyo dan rumah tangga tani memiliki peranan yang paling besar dan lebih menyeluruh dalam pengurangan kerentanan. Upaya pengurangan kerentanan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Desa Ngargomulyo dan rumah tangga tani adalah adanya inisasi konsep desa saudara dan adanya tabungan ternak bencana. Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah melakukan upaya pengurangan kerentanan dengan melakukan serangkaian kegiatan kebencanaan secara umum seperti pelatihan kebencanaan. Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Kehutanan serta Badan Penyuluh Pertanian melaksanakan upaya pengurangan kerentanan dengan melakukan upaya peningkatan kapasitas pertanian petani serta melakukan pendampingan kepada petani pada saat fase pemulihan bencana. Stakeholder lain yaitu akademisi dan Lembaga Swadaya Mayarakat melaksanakan peranannya sesuai dengan fokus masing-masing stakeholder. Peran LSM yang menonjol di Desa Ngargomulyo adalah peran LSM Save The Children dan Muslim Aid yang melakukan pendampingan kepada petani terkait dengan kegiatan pertanian serta kebencanaan.

This research takes place in Ngargomulyo Village that located in potentially radius of tephra fall and heavy ash-rain area. Ngargomulyo Village also located in the 3rd ring of Merapi's disaster risk area. The goals of this research were 1) to assess the level of farmer's social economic vulnerability to Tephra fall, and 2) to assess related stakeholders' effort that had been taken to reduce the farmer's social economic vulnerability on every steps of disaster management cycle. The data analysis method that was used were quantitative descriptive for achieving first goal and qualitative descriptive for achieving second goal. Sampling method for the first goal used propotional random sampling that take 10% of the overall population. The number of samples in this study were 53 respondents. Retrieving data used questionnaires instrument. AHP method (Analytical Hierarki Process) was used to compile weights for each variable and the indicators for making up farmer's socio-economic vulnerability. Retrieving data for the second goal used disasters documents literature studies and indepth interview to region agency for disaster management magelang district, the local goverment of ngargomulyo, and agricultural extension worker Dukun sub-district. The local government of Desa Ngargomulyo and farm households have the greatest role and more thorough in reducing vulnerability. Vulnerability reduction efforts undertaken Ngargomulyo village government and farm households is their initiation of Sister Village and their livestock savings disasters. The results showed that from 53 respondents, 25 percent respondent had high social and economic vulnerability, 47 percent had medium social and economic vulnerability, and 28 percent respondent had low social and economic vulnerability. The difference of their vulnerability relating to farmers's holding assets. Farmers who got weakly supported natural assets and unlucky social condition were more vulnerable to the dangers of tephra fall. The local goverment of Ngargomulyo village and farmers household had the greatest role in reducing vulnerability. The efforts that were taken by Ngargomulyo local goverment and farmers household were initiation of sister village concept and livestock savings disasters. Region agency for disaster management is doing effort by conducting a series of disasters in general activities such as disaster training. Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kehutanan and Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan Kecamatan Dukun implemented the reduction of vulnerability by increasing the capacity of farmers and the agricultural guidance for farmers during the recovery phase of the disaster. Other stakeholders, such as academics and NGOs carried out its role as their focus studies. The most prominent role of NGOs in the Ngargomulyo Village was from Save the Children and Muslim Aid who provided guidance to farmers associated with agricultural activities and disaster.

Kata Kunci : kerentanan, jatuhan piroklastik, petani