PERILAKU PETANI DALAM MERESPONS KEBIJAKAN HARGA GABAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL

AKHMAD YAMIN, IR.,M.SI., Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi, MS.

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku petani dalam merespons kebijakan harga gabah di kabupaten Bantul. Perilaku petani dalam merespons kebijakan harga gabah ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh : Latar belakang dibentuknya tim pasca panen, dinamika pengelolaan pasca panen, dan beberapa variabel independen yaitu luas lahan yang digarap petani padi sawah, status kepemilikan lahan, jumlah anggota keluarga, peran tim pasca panen, pemahaman informasi, kemudahan informasi, frekuensi komunikasi petani, persepsi, dan sikap petani yang mempengaruhi perilaku petani dalam merespons kebijakan harga gabah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan mixed Method. Penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode observasi, Fokus Group Discussion (FGD), dan wawancara mendalam. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Sedangkan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode survey di 17 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bantul dengan penentuan lokasi dan sampel secara acak sederhana (random sampling). Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur (path analisis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang dibentuknya kebijakan tim pasca panen didasarkan pada program-program sebelumnya terkait dengan stabilisasi harga gabah seperti Bulog, Lumbung Pangan, DPM-LUEP dan disusul LDPM belum menunjukkan hasil yang sigifikan dalam menangani kasus anjlognya harga gabah di saat panen raya, penghargaan terhadap perjuangan petani subsisten dengan keterbatasan teknis mampu memproduksi pangan, dan adanya kekuatan politik dalam merumuskan kebijakan pro-rakyat yang populis. Melalui pendekatan struktur dan sistem social, petani bantul masih terikat kuat dengan sistem pasca panen yang sudah berjalan atas dasar rasionalitas dan moralitas, sehingga petani hanya memberi sedikit ruang kepada tim pasca panen atas dasar kolektifitas. Peran kelompok tani sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengurangi hubungan patron-klien yang bersifat negative. Berdasar analisis jalur (path Analisis), menunjukkan bahwa peran tim pasca panen dan frekuensi komunikasi berpengaruh terhadap perilaku, sedangkan variabel pemahaman informasi, kemudahan informasi, persepsi dan sikap tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku petani dalam merespons kebijakan harga gabah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh perilaku peran tim pasca panen dan kompleksitas system. Variabel yang menarik adalah pemahaman dan frekuensi komunikasi berpengaruh terhadap sikap, tetapi arahnya negatif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kekuatan struktur tengkulak, peran tim pasca panen, aturan dalam kelompok, kemampuan petani menjual gabah ke tim pasca panen, dan keyakinan diri petani akan keberhasilan program. Kata Kunci : struktur, sistem sosial petani, dan perilaku

This study aims to analyze the behavior of farmers in response to grain price policy in Bantul district. Farmer's behavior in response to grain price policy can be influenced by Background of the establishment of post-harvest team, the dynamics of post-harvest management, and several independent variables, namely the area of land cultivated paddy rice farmers, land ownership status, number of family members, team roles post harvest, the understanding of information, ease of information, frequency of communication, perception, and attitudes that affect the behavior of peasant farmers in response to grain price policy. The experiment was conducted with a mixed method approach. Qualitative research methods of observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and in-depth interviews. Determining the location of the research done by purposive sampling and simple random samples with (random sampling). While quantitative studies using survey methods in 17 sub districts in Bantul district with location determination for simple random sampling (random sampling). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and path analysis (path analysis). The results showed that the background of the establishment of post-harvest team policy is based on previous programs related to the stabilization of unhulled rice prices such as Bulog, Food Barn, DPM-LUEP and followed LDPM not shown results significant in handling cases fall in prices of grain at harvest time, tribute to the struggle of subsistence farmers with technical limitations are able to produce food, and the presence of political forces in formulating pro-people policies are populist. Through the structure and approach of the social system, the farmers of bantul still strongly bound to the post-harvest system has been running on the basis of rationality and morality, so that farmers gave little space to the team post-harvest on the basis of collectivity. The role of farmer groups is necessary to reduce patron-client relationships that are negative. Based on the path analysis, suggesting that the role of post-harvest team and frequency of communication influence the behavior, while variable understanding of information, ease of information, perceptions and attitudes do not affect the behavior of farmers in response to grain price policy. This is due to role behavior post-harvest team and system complexity. The variable of interest is the understanding and frequency communication of influence on the attitude, but the negative direction. This is caused by the power structure of the middlemen, the role of post-harvest team, the rules in the group, the ability of farmers to sell grain to the team post-harvest, and farmers' confidence in the success of the program. Keywords: structure, social systems of farmers, and behavior

Kata Kunci : struktur, sistem sosial petani, dan perilaku; structure, social systems of farmers, and behavior