Pengaruh Ampas Kelapa (Cocos nucifera Linn) Fermentasi Menggunakan Aspergillus niger Dalam Ransum Terhadap Kinerja Domba Ekor Tipis

HERI KURNIAWAN, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ristianto Utomo, SU.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ampas kelapa (Cocos nucifera Linn) fermentasi menggunakan Aspergillus niger dalam ransum terhadap kinerja domba (Ovis aries) ekor tipis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 tahap. Tahap I. kualitas nutrisi ampas kelapa fermentasi menggunakan Aspergillus niger (A. niger). Optimalisasi aktivitas enzim lipase A. niger pada substrat minyak kelapa dan ampas kelapa. Dilakukan uji kualitas fisik dan komposisi kimia, mikotoksin dan kecernaan in vitro ampas kelapa tanpa kukus, ampas kelapa kukus, ampas kelapa fermentasi dan ampas kelapa kukus fermentasi (AKKF). Tahap II. kinerja domba ekor tipis yang diberi ransum ampas kelapa fermentasi. Ampas kelapa terpilih ditambahkan dalam ransum 12 domba ekor tipis jantan yang terbagi dalam empat kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol, 5% ampas kelapa, 2,5% ampas kelapa dan 2,5% ampas kelapa fermentasi serta 5% ampas kelapa. Dilakukan uji kecernaan pakan, kinerja dan feed cost per gain. Data optimalisasi, kinerja dan kecernaan in vivo dianalisis menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap pola searah sedangkan data komposisi kimia serta kecernaan ampas kelapa fermentasi secara in vitro dianalisis menggunakan metode faktorial dan jika terdapat pengaruh dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian tahap I menunjukkan aktivitas enzim lipase A. niger tertinggi pada inkubasi hari keempat (P<0,01), baik pada substrat minyak kelapa maupun ampas kelapa sebesar 0,85 dan 1,81 U/ml. Perlakuan pengkukusan maupun fermentasi menyebabkan perubahan kualitas fisik ampas kelapa, penurunan bahan kering (P<0,01), lemak kasar (P<0,01) dari 53,32 menjadi 42,34 dan 37,75%, bahan organik (P<0,01), aktivitas cmc-ase (P<0,01) dari 0,13 menjadi 0,06 U/g, kecernaan bahan kering (P<0,01) dan organik (P<0,01) serta meningkatkan protein kasar (P<0,05), serat kasar (P<0,01), bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (P<0,01) dan jumlah protozoa (P<0,01). Kandungan mikotoksin ampas kelapa kukus fermentasi sebesar 0,65 ppb sedangkan pada ampas kelapa tanpas kukus fermentasi tidak terdeteksi adanya mikotoksin. Hasil penelitian tahap II menunjukkan penambahan 5% ampas kelapa dalam ransum domba ekor tipis dapat meningkatkan konsumsi pakan (P<0,05) dari 854,74 menjadi 972,81 g/ekor/hari dan pertambahan bobot badan harian (P<0,05) dari 77,67 menjadi 101,67 g/ekor/hari. Disimpulkan bahwa Aspergillus niger memiliki aktivitas lipase yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat menurunkan kandungan lemak ampas kelapa dan ampas kelapa fermentasi aman diberikan ke ternak domba serta dapat meningkatkan konsumsi ransum dan pertambahan bobot badan harian.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of fermented coconut dregs (Cocos nucifera Linn) using Aspergillus niger in rations on performance of thin tail sheep (Ovis aries). The study was conducted in 2 steps. The first step, determination the quality of nutrients in the fermentation of coconut dregs was tested by using Aspergillus niger (A. niger). Optimization of the lipase enzymatic activity of A. niger was done in the substrates of coconut oil and coconut dregs. The tests were done on physical quality and chemical composition, mycotoxin and the in vitro digestibility of unsteamed coconut dregs, steamed coconut dregs, fermented coconut dregs, and fermented steamed coconut dregs. The second step, the performance of thin tail sheep given the rations of fermented coconut dregs was tested. The selected coconut dregs was added into rations for 12 thin tail sheeps divided into four treatment groups, i.e. control, 5% coconut dregs, 2.5% coconut dregs : 2.5% fermented coconut dregs, and 5% coconut dregs. The tests of feed digestibility, performance, and feed cost per gain were done. Analyses of the data on optimization, performance, and in vivo digestibility were analized using a one-way completely randomized design, while those of the data on chemical compositions and the digestibility of fermented coconut dregs in vitro was analized using a factorial method, and if the effect was found it is continued by the Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Results of the study at the first step indicated that the lipase enzymatic activity of A. niger the highest level was in the fourth-day incubation, both in the substrates of coconut oil and dregs (P<0.01), i.e. 0.85 and 1.81 U/ml, respectively. The treatments of steaming and fermentation caused change in physical quality of coconut dregs, decrease of dry matters (P<0.01), ether extract (P<0.01) from 53.32 to 42.34 and 37.75%, organic matters (P<0,01), cmc-ase activities (P<0.01) from 0.13 to 0.06 U/g, dry matter and organic matters digestibility (P<0.01) and increase crude protein (P<0.05), crude fiber (P<0.01), nitrogen free extract (P<0,01), and the amount of protozoa (P<0.01). The mycotoxin content of fermented steamed coconut dregs was 0.65 ppb, while it was not detected on fermented coconut dregs. The results of the study at second step show that the addition of 5% coconut dregs in the rations of thin tail sheep could increase feed consumption (P<0.05) from 854.74 to 972.81 g/head/day and the average daily gain (P<0.05) was from 77.67 to 101.67 g/head/day. It can be concluded that Aspergillus niger had lipase enyzimatic activity at sufficiently high level, so that it can reduce the fatty content of coconut dregs, and the fermented coconut dregs were safe to give in the rations of sheep as well as could increase the consumption of rations and the average daily gain.

Kata Kunci : Ampas kelapa, Aspergillus niger, Fermentasi, Kecernaan in vitro, Kecernaan in vivo, Kinerja