Pengaruh hipnoterapi terhadap insomnia

PRATIKTO, Herlan, Prof.Dr. Sri Mulyani Martaniah, MA

2001 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Insomnia termasuk salah satu gangguan perilaku tidur yang menimbulkan berbagai akibat yang kurang menyenangkan, bahkan dapat pula berakibat pada gangguan kesehatan fisik si penderita. Salah satu penyebab insomnia adalah stres psikologis. Penderita insomnia seringkali melakukan internalisasi stres pada waktu mau tidur. Stres yang berkepanjangan dah sulit diatasi akan mempengaruhi fungsi sistem imun. Peningkatan saraf simpatik dapat meningkatkan aktivitas hipotalamus, akibat stres berkepanjangan, sehingga menyebabkan sekresi hormon kelenjar adrenal, terutama kortikosteroid dan katekolamin meningkat. Honnon tersebut menghambat fungsi sel darah putih, menurunkan produksi limfosit dan menyebabkan kelenjar timus sebagai kelenjar utama sistem imun menciut yang akhirnya akan menurunkan secara bermakna fungsi sistem imun. Hipnoterapi sebagai salah satu terapi insomnia dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas hipotalamus. Apabila aktivitas hipotalamis menurun maka hormon adrenalin dan noradrenalin juga menurun yang selanjutnya akan mengakibatkan denyut jantung lebih lambat, rileks, tekanan darah stabil. Kondisi seperti ini pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Hipnoterapi ini dikenakan pada enam subyek penelitian yang menderita insomnia selama 3 - 6 tahun. Treatment by Subject sebagai disain eksperimen dengan empat kondisi eksperimen yakni : kondisi sebelum hipnoterapi, kondisi sesudah hipnoterapi, kondisi tanpa hipnoterapi 1 minggu, dan kondisi follow-up 3 bulan. Data dari eksperimen berupa hasil pengukuran insomnia dan jumlah limfosit dalam darah sebelum dan sesudah hipnoterapi. Data eksperimen dianalisis dengan menggunakan Friedman Test dan Wilcoxon Sign Test dari program SPS - 2000 nonparametrik edisi Sutrisno Hadi. Dari hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertama, ada pengaruh yang signifikan hipnoterapi terhadap perilaku insomnia (p0.05).

Insomnia is a kind of sleeping disorder which makes one sleep uncomfortably. Moreover, it can cause a physical trouble to the patient. One of the causes of insomnia is psychological stress. He or she who suffers from insomnia often internalizes this stress by the time he or she is going to sleep. Extended stress, which is hard to overcome, it will influence the function of the immunity system. The raising of the sympathetic nerve, due to this extended stress, may increase the hpothalamus activities which then cause the secretion of the adrenal gland hormone, particularly the corticosteroid and catecolamin. This hormone will inhibit the function leukocytes, decrease the production of limphocytes, squeak the timus gland which is the major system immunity, and tinally, will significanly decrease the function of the immunity system. Hypnotherapy as one of insomnia therapies can influence the hypothalamus activities. When the hypothalamus activities decrease , the adrenalin and noradrenalin hormone will also decrease. Then, it will slow down the heartbeat which makes the person relax and causes stable blood pressure. This condition, in turn, will increase the immunity of the body. Treatment by subject design was applied in this research. Six patient who suffer from insomnia for about 3 - 6 years werw treated by hypnotherapy. Four experimental condition, namely : pre-hypnotherapy condition, post-hypnotherapy condition, nonhypnotherapy condition within a week, and follow-up condition within three months. The data gained from the experiment included the result of measuring insomnia and the number of limphocytes found in blood before and after the hypnotherapy was implemented. The data was analyzed by applying Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Sign Tes through the SPS - 2000 nonparametrical program by Sutrisno Hadi. From the result of the data analysis, the following conclusions was drawn. Firstly, hypnotherapy has a significant effect on insomnia behavior (p<0,05). Secondly, hypnotherapy has no significant effect on the function of immunity

Kata Kunci : Insomnia (Gangguan Tidur),Hipnoterapi,insomnia, hypnotherapy, lymphocytes and stress