HUBUNGAN INTERTEKSTUALITAS PUISI HOTOTOGISU DAN PROSA TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI NO KEIEI JUKU

RATIH WIDI PRABAWANI, Drs. Deddy H. Oekon, M.Hum.

2014 | Skripsi | SASTRA JEPANG

Puisi Hototogisu atau jika diterjemahkan berarti Puisi Burung Tekukur, adalah puisis yang mendeskripsikan secara ringkas karakter tiga samurai Jepang zaman feodal yakni Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, dan Tokugawa Ieyasu. Dalam puisi itu disebutkan ada seekor burung tekukur. Puisi tersebut menggambarkan bagaimana sikap ketiga tokoh ini ketika burung tekukur itu tidak mau berkicau. Oda Nobunaga yang kejam akan membunuh burung tekukur itu apabila ia tidak mau berkicau; Toyotomi Hideyoshi yang cerdik akan membuat burung tekukur itu agar mau berkicau (dengan berbagai cara), dan Tokugawa Ieyasu yang sabar akan menunggu burung tekukur itu sampai mau berkicau. Penelitian ini hanya mengambil kalimat Puisi Hototogisu yang mendeskripsikan karakter Toyotomi Hideyoshi yakni, “Jika burung tekukur itu tidak mau berkicau, buatlah ia berkicau”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan intertekstualitas (hubungan antar teks) antara kalimat puisi Hototogisu tersebut dengan prosa Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku (T.H.N.K.J) karya Kitami Masao. Untuk menganalisis tanda-tanda tersebut, digunakan Teori Triadik Semiotika Peirce, dan Teori Penalaran Metaforis Konseptual oleh George Lakoff dan Mark Johnson. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pemaparan data dilakukan secara deskriptif sehingga hubungan intertekstual antara puisi Hototogisu dengan dialog prosa Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku dapat dibuktikan. Prosa T.H.N.K.J ini berisi serangkaian dialog antara Toyotomi Hideyoshi dan Jukusei (murid bimbingan zaman sekarang). Jukusei berkonsultasi mengenai masalah hidup, dan Toyotomi Hideyoshi memberi feedback berupa motivasi-motivasi hidup. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa T.H.N.K.J merupakan tanggapan puisi Hototogisu. Motivasi-motivasi yang diberikan Toyotomi Hideyoshi merupakan penjelasan konkret atas makna kalimat yang menggambarkan karakter Hideyoshi dalam puisi Hototogisu. Motivasi-motivasi tersebut sesuai dengan permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat modern yang diwakili para Jukusei.

The Rhyme of Hototogisu or “The Rhyme of Cuckoo” in English, briefly describes the character of three Japanese samurai of the feudal era; Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu. The rhyme mentioned a story of a cuckoo that did not want to sing. The rhyme describes the three characters action towards the bird’s behaviour. Nobunaga who was cruel, would kill the cuckoo; Hideyoshi who was clever would do any possible way to make the bird sing; while the patient one, Tokugawa Ieyasu would wait patiently untill the cuckoo sing by itself. This research to uses the rhyme that describes Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which is,“I’ll try to make the cuckoo sing.” The research intends to prove the intertextuality relationship between the sentences inside the Rhyme of Hototogisu and the prose work of Kitami Masao entitled “Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku (豊臣秀吉の経営塾)” The Triadic model – interpreting signs— of Charles Sanders Peirce is applied to analyze these signs, alongside with the Conceptual Metaphora Theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The tool for data analysis is using qualitative method and data description to prove the intertextuality relationship between The Rhyme of Hototogisu and dialogues inside Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku. Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku contains series of dialogues between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and a Jukusei (nowadays guidance student). The Jukusei (塾生) consulted about life matters, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave feedbacks in form of life motivations. The feedbacks Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave in Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku is developed based on The Rhyme of Hototogisu. Those motivations formulated as the concrete explanation of the sentence that describes the character of Toyotomi Hideyoshi from The Rhyme of Hototogisu. The given motivations suit the problem of nowadays society, which in this case represented by the Jukusei.

Kata Kunci : Analisis Semiotika Sastra, Puisi Hototogisu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi no Keiei Juku, Intertekstualitas