PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) TERHADAP PERFORMAN, PRODUKSI KARKAS, PERLEMAKAN, PROFIL KOLESTEROL, DAN KUALITAS KIMIA DAGING AYAM BROILER

Siska Fitria, Dr. Ir. Supadmo, MS.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sebagai aditif pakan terhadap performan, produksi karkas, perlemakan, kolesterol, dan kualitas kimia daging ayam broiler. Dalam penelitian ini 90 ekor ayam broiler strain Lohmann umur 7 hari dibagi menjadi 5 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan dan tiap ulangan terdiri dari 6 ekor ayam. Ayam dipelihara selama 35 hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah performan, produksi karkas, kualitas kimia daging, nilai peroksida, profil kolesterol, dan profil asam lemak daging. Analisis statistik menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah dan perbedaan rerata dianalisis dengan Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa supplementasi tepung kulit manggis secara berurutan pada level 0; 0,50; 1,00; 1,50; dan 2,00% dalam pakan ayam broiler memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) pada nilai peroksida daging (9,85; 7,43; 5,69; 3,32; 5,42 mEq PV/kg lemak), kolesterol daging (84,11; 73,64; 77,71; 71,94; 71,36 mg/100 ml), dan asam lemak daging yang terdiri atas SFA (40,22; 48,45; 38,16; 34,05; 33,68%) dan UFA (19,21; 44,74; 54,14; 58,99; 55,91%), serta terdapat pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap persentase lemak abdominal (0,78; 1,12; 1,07; 0,76; 0,81%), kadar air daging (75,57; 75,14; 75,37; 73,95; 74,97%), protein daging (21,49; 21,83; 22,96; 24,42; 23,90%), lemak daging (1,68; 2,32; 2,38; 2,60; dan 2,56%), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (125,91; 82,20; 90,32; 102,80; 97,72 mg/100ml), dan kolesterol darah total ayam broiler (176,67; 116,67; 126,67; 146,67; 140,00 mg/100ml). Supplementasi tepung kulit manggis tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan berat badan, konversi pakan, bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, lemak subkutan, kadar abu, high density lipoprotein (HDL), dan kadar trigliserida darah ayam broiler. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa supplementasi tepung kulit manggis sampai level 2,00 % mampu memperbaiki status perlemakan, kolesterol, dan kualitas kimia daging ayam broiler.

The experiment was conducted to identify the effect of pericarp mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) supplementation as feed additives on performance, carcass production, fatness, cholesterol, and chemical quality of broiler meat. Ninety broiler males of Lohmann strain of 7 days of age were distributed in 5 treatments with 3 replications of 6 broiler chickens each. The broilers were kept until 35 days of ages. Data collected were those of performance, carcass production, chemichal quality of meat, peroxide value, cholesterol profile, and fatty acid profil of meat. The data were analized using one way ANOVA of a complede randomized design (CRD) and then were tested using Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that feed treatments of 0.00 (control), 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00% in diets had significantly differences (P<0.01) on peroxide value (9.85; 7.43; 5.69; 3.32; 5.42 mEq PV/kg fat), cholesterol of meat (84.11; 73.64; 77.71; 71.94; 71.36 mg/100 ml), and fatty acid of meat consist of SFA (40.22; 48.45; 38.16; 34.05; 33.68%) and UFA (19.21; 44.74; 54.14; 58.99; 55.91%), and then significantly differences (P<0.05) on abdominal fat (0.78; 1.12; 1,07; 0.76; 0.81%), water meat content (75.57; 75.14; 75.37; 73.95; 74.97%), protein meat content (21.49; 21.83; 22.96; 24.42; 23.90%), fat meat content (1.68; 2.32; 2.38; 2.60; dan 2.56%), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (125.91; 82.20; 90.32; 102.80; 97.72 mg/100ml), and blood cholesterol (176.67; 116.67; 126.67; 146.67; 140.00 mg/100ml). Pericarp of mangosteen giving in the experimental diets did not affect significantly on feed intake, weight gain, feed convertion ratio, percentage of carcass, subcutaneous fat, ash meat content, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and trigliseride in blood serum broiler did not show significant differences. It was conclude that supplementation of pericarp mangosteen until 2.00% in diets could produce better status of fatness, cholesterol, chemichal quality of broiler meat.

Kata Kunci : Kulit manggis, Ayam broiler, Performan, Perlemakan, Kolesterol