AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA EKSTRAK LARUT AIR BUAH LERAK (Sapindus rarak DC) DAN CAMPURAN EKSTRAK LARUT AIR BUAH LERAK DENGAN MINYAK KULIT BIJI METE TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes albopictus Skuse

THIA AMALIA, Prof. Dr. phil. nat. Sudarsono, Apt.

2013 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) sering menjadi kejadian luar biasa (KLB) di Indonesia. Vaksin penyakit DBD belum ditemukan, sehingga pemberantasan penyakit ini difokuskan pada pemberantasan vektornya menggunakan larvasida. Bahan alam yang memiliki potensi sebagai larvasida alami antara lain buah lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) dan minyak kulit biji mete (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid / CNSL). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan aktivitas larvasida ekstrak larut air buah lerak dan campuran ekstrak larut air buah lerak dengan CNSL terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes albopictus. Buah lerak diekstraksi dengan metode pemanasan dalam air suling, sedangkan kulit biji mete diekstraksi dengan metode pengepresan. Kandungan saponin dalam ekstrak larut air buah lerak (EAL) dianalisis dengan penentuan indeks buih dan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Profil senyawa CNSL dianalisis melalui karakterisasi sifat fisika kimia dan metode KLT, serta analisis kualitatif kandungan asam anakardat dengan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Uji larvasida dilakukan terhadap larva instar III nyamuk Ae.albopictus yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan EAL, kelompok perlakuan campuran EAL dan CNSL (CEL), dan kelompok kontrol berupa air ledeng. Mortalitas larva diamati 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Hasil dianalisis dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan EAL dan CEL memiliki aktivitas larvasida terhadap larva Ae. albopictus dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 2525,81 ppm dan 8,68 ppm, serta nilai LC90 4479,01 ppm dan 9,93 ppm. Aktivitas larvasida CEL lebih poten dibandingkan EAL.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is viral disease and deathly disease in Indonesia. DHF vaccine has not been found, so the eradication of DHF is focused on the eradication of vectors using larvicides. The pericarps of Sapindus rarak DC and cashew nut shell liquid (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid / CNSL) are natural materials that have potential as a natural larvicide. This study aims to compare the larvicidal activity of water -soluble extract of the lerak pericarps and the mixture of water-soluble extract of of the lerak pericarps with CNSL against larvae of the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Lerak pericarps extracted in aquadest by the heating method, while the cashew nut shell extracted by pressing method. The saponin of water -soluble extract of the lerak pericarps (EAL) were analyzed with foaming index determination and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) methods. The compounds of CNSL were analyzed by chemical and physical characterization, TLC methods and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods to analyze anacardic acid content. Larvicidal test was performed on third instar larvae of mosquitoes Ae. albopictus divided into 3 group, namely EAL treatment group, the mixture of EAL and CNSL (CEL) treatment group, and tap water as a control group. Larval mortality was observed 24 hours after the treatment. The results were analyzed by probit analysis. The results of this study indicate EAL and CEL have larvicidal activity against the larvae of Ae. albopictus. LC50 values of EAL and CEL 2525.81 ppm and 8.68 ppm. LC90 value of EAL and CEL are 4479.01 ppm and 9.93 ppm. The CEL is more potent larvicidal activity than the EAL

Kata Kunci : Sapindus rarak DC, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, larvasida, Aedes albopictus Skuse