SIFAT PEREKATAN DAN KUALITAS KAYU MAHANG (Macaranga hypoleuca (Reichb.f.et.Zoll) M.A ASAL HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU

YANCILUK, Prof. Ir. T.A. Prayitno, MFor., Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Beberapa jenis kayu yang terdapat di hutan rawa gambut Kabupaten Pulang Pisau provinsi Kalimantan Tengah banyak terdapat kayu jenis pioneer termasuk dalam kayu non komersial atau jenis yang kurang dikenal (lesser known spesies) dan merupakan ciri khas hutan rawa gambut seperti Gerunggang (Cratocylum arborenscens), Gelam (Malaleuca leucadendron), Tumih (Combretocartus rotundadus), dan Mahang (Macaranga sp). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat perekatan dan kualitas kayu Mahang, mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh posisi aksial dan radial terhadap kualitas perekatan kayu Mahang dan mengetahui peruntukan kayu Mahang untuk bahan baku industri pengolahan kayu. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (CRD) faktorial 3 x 2. Faktor pertama letak kayu arah aksial (A) terdiri dari kayu bagian pangkal (A1), kayu bagian tengah (A2), kayu bagian ujung (A3) , factor kedua arah radial terdiri dari kayu bagian dekat hati (B1), Kayu bagian dekat kulit (B2) , dilanjutkan data dianalisis menggunakan Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Pengambilan sampel uji kadar air kayu menggunakan standar ISO 3130 - 1975 (E), pengujian kerapatan kayu menggunakan standar ISO 3131 – 1975 (E), pengujian penyusutan kayu dengan ISO/DIS 4469. Pengujian proporsi sel menggunakan metode grid mask pada program Image Pro Plus V 4.5, sedangkan untuk dimensi dengan program Image Pro Plus V 4.5. Kadar ekstraktif kayu menggunakan prosedur ASTM D. 2016-65, (ASTM D. 1107-56) dan (ASTM D.1110-56). Pengujian sifat keteguhan geser kayu pejal dan keteguhan perekatan kayu dengan prosedur ASTM D. 905 – 49. Hasil penelitian sifat fisika, struktur anatomi, ekstraktif dan sifat perekatan kayu menghasilkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: kadar air basah 44,43%; kadar air kering udara 13,46%, ; , berat jenis 0.36,: penyusutan TR ratio 1,76. Dimensi serat kayu: panjang serat 1,6 mm, diameter serat 18,5µ, diameter lumen 15,2µ dan tebal dinding sel 3,3µ. Proporsi sel kayu : proporsi sel jari-jari 10,5%, parenkim 11,3%, pembuluh 16,5% dan serabut 62,1%.; Sifat perekatan kayu mahang : keteguhan geser penampang radial 57,3 kg/cm2, keteguhan geser penampang tangensial 70,3 kg/cm2, keteguhan rekat penampang radial 58,7 kg/cm2, keteguhan rekat penampang tangensial 63,2 kg/cm2, persen kerusakan penampang radial 41,8% dan penampang tangensial 13,3%. Terdapat hubungan kesesuaian antara beberapa sifat perekatan dan kualitas kayu terhadap pengaruh posisi arah aksial dan radial kayu Mahang.

There are many types of wood in the peat swamp forests of Pulang Pisau District Central Kalimantan province there are many types of wood, including the pioneer or non-commercial timber species that are less well known (lesser known species). Trees of characteristic of peat swamp forest for example Gerunggang (Cratocylum arborenscens), Gelam (Malaleuca leucadendron), Tumih (Combretocartus rotundadus), and Mahang (Macaranga sp). This research was aimed to finding out the adhesive properties and wood quality of wood , to know the relationship and the influence of axial and radial position to wood adhesion quality wood and to determine utilization of Mahang as raw material of wood processing industry. The research of adhesive properties and wood quality of Mahang ( Macaranga hypoleuca, Reichb.fet.Zoll MA ) from swamp forest of Pulang Pisau district was set up in 3 x 2 completely randomized design factorial. The first factor is axial direction ( A ) consists of base (A1), middle (A2) and top (A3) and second factor is radial direction (B) near the pith (B1), near the bark (B2). Data were analyzed with Complete Random Design ( CRD ) and examined using Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). Sampling test moisture content of wood using standard ISO 3130 - 1975 ( E ) , whereas wood density testing using standard ISO 3131-1975 ( E ) , wood shrinkage testing to ISO / DIS 4469 . Tests of the cells proportion using the grid mask program Image Pro Plus V 4.5, whereas for the dimension with the program Image Pro Plus V 4.5 Extractive content of wood using ASTM procedure D. 2016-65 , ( ASTM D 1107-56 ) and ( ASTM D.1110 - 56 ). Testing constancy shear properties of solid wood and wood gluing firmness with ASTM procedure D. 905-49. The results physical, anatomical structure, extractive and adhesion properties of wood produces the following conclusion: moisture content wet 44,43%; air dry water content 13.46%, density 0:36, including wood with low shrinkage and included in the normal wood with TR ratio 1.76 . The physical properties of the wood influenced by the axial direction . The anatomical structure of wood mahang included in the normal category with the proportion of ray cell is 10.5 % , 11.3 % parenchyma , vessels and fibers 16.5 % 62.1 % . Mahang is a long fiber length categories in hardwood, fiber length 1.6 mm, fiber diameter of 18.5 μ , 15.2 μ lumen diameter and cell wall thickness of 3.3 μ . In general, wood anatomy mahang increased towards the end of the stem. Adhesion properties of Mahang wood are shear strength 57.3 kg/cm2 radial section , tangential section 70.3 kg/cm2 , bonding strength of 58.7 kg/cm2 radial cross-section , cross- tangential bonding strength of 63.2 kg/cm2 , percent of degradation at cross radial cross section is 41.8 % and 13.3 % at tangential . The research was found the relationship between some properties of adhesion suitability and quality of the wood to the influence of the position of the axial and radial directions Mahang wood.

Kata Kunci : Mahang, sifat perekat , kualitas kayu