KONFLIK MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) DAN MANUSIA PADA BERBAGAI TIPE PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SUAKA MARGASATWA PALIYAN DAN SEKITARNYA

BAMBANG WIDIATMOKO, Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko,S.Hut.,M.Sc.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) populasi dan sebaran monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, (2) karakteristik biotik dan abiotik pada lokasi konflik diberbagai tipe pengunaan lahan di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan dan sekitarnya, (3) karakteristik konflik monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) dan manusia di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan dan sekitarnya Lokasi penelitian di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, Desa Karang Asem, Desa Karang Duwet (Kecamatan Paliyan) dan Desa Jetis, Desa Kepek, Desa Monggol (Kecamatan Saptosari). Metode penelitian yang digunakan concentration count untuk mengetahui populasi, protokol sampling untuk mengetahui karakteritik boitik dan abiotik, dan survey untuk mengetahui karakteristik konflik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) populasi monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascisularis) diperkirakan berjumlah 80 individu, yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok, kelompok A 19 individu, kelompok B 20 individu dan Kelompok C 41 individu. Sebaran monyet ekor panjang sebagian besar berada di tipe penggunaan hutan rakyat. (2). Penutupan tajuk tertinggi di tipe suaka margasatwa yaitu 85%,selanjutnya hutan rakyat 77,67%, suaka margasatwa (agroforestri) 35% dan ladang 29,67%, penutupan semak dan tumbuhan bawah tertinggi ladang yaitu 74,67%, selanjutnya suaka margasatwa 68%, hutan rakyat 60% dan suaka margasatwa (agroforestri) 59,67%, kerapatan semak dan tumbuhan bawah tertinggi pada tipe suaka margasatwa yaitu 4849,75, selanjutnya suaka margasatwa (agroforetsri) 4616,43, ladang 4491,44 dan hutan rakyat 2833,19. (3) Konflik monyet ekor panjang dan manusia paling tertinggi terjadi pada tipe penggunaan lahan ladang 207, suaka margasatwa (agroforestri) 115, hutan rakyat 21, pemukiman 17 dan suaka margasatwa 4. Kejadian konflik tidak tergantung pada musim hujan ataupun musim kemarau.Kebutuhan pakan monyet ekor panjang menjaddi faktor utama terjadinya konflik. Kerugian materi dalam satu musim tanam yang sering terjadi berkisar Rp. 960.000, - Rp.1.820.000, kerugian imateriil yang dialami adalah ketakutan kaum perempuan bila melihat monyet. Tanaman yang sering dirusak adalah jenis jagung, kacang tanah, ketela pohon dan kolonjono. Penyelesaian konflik yang dapat dilakukan dengan pemasangan jaring, pemberian kompensasi, perbaikan habitat, peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, penegakan kesepakatan petani penggarap, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, perubahan rencana tata ruang wilayah, dan pemanenan secara lestari.

This research has aims to determine (1) the population and distribution of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary, (2) biotic and abiotic characteristics Mof the location in various type of land use in Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary and its surrounding, (3) the conflict characteristics of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and human in Paliyan Wildlife Preserve and its surrounding. The research sites were in Paliyan Wildlife Preserve. Karang Asem, Karang Duwet Village (Paliyan District); Jetis, Kepek, and Monggol Village (Saptosari District). The research methodology was used concentration count to estimate the population, protocol sampling for identifying the biotic and abiotic characteristic and also the survey method for determining the conflict characteristics. The results of this research showed (1) population of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascisularis) was estimated at 80 individuals, divided into three groups ,group A were 19 individuals, Group B were 20 and group C 41 individuals. The distribution of long-tailed macaques was mostly located in the community forest use types. (2) The highest of the canopy cover types of wildlife sanctuary were 85 % , then in community forest were 77.67 %, wildlife sanctuary (agroforestry) 35% and 29.67 % on the agricultural land; the highest covering of shrubs and storey were 74.67 % in agricultural land, in wildlife sanctuary were 68%, in community forest were 60 % and wildlife sanctuary (agroforestry) 59.67 %; the highest density of shrubs and storey on the wildlife sanctuary were 4849.75, the next in wildlife sanctuary (agroforestry) were 4616.43, in agricultural land were 4491.44 and in community forest were 2833,19 . (3) The conflict of long-tailed mancaques and human in the highest frequency were in agricultural land were 207 , wildlife sanctuary (agroforestry) were 115, in community forest were 21, in settlement were 17 and in wildlife sanctuary were 4. The conflict was not dependent on the rainy season or dry season. The need of long-tailed macaques’ feed was the major factor in this conflict. The loss of material in a single growing season was around Rp 960.000,00 - Rp.1.820.000,00, non-material loss faced up by the women who seeing the macaques directly. The crops which frequently tampered were a corns, peanuts, cassava and kolonjono which were in the agricultural land and wildlife sanctuary (agroforestry). The conflict resolution that can be done were installing the nets, giving compensation, improving habitat, increasing welfare community, enforcement agreement of the stakeholders, increasing the public awareness, and changing in spatial planning and sustainable harvesting.

Kata Kunci : Macaca fascicularis, manusia, konflik, penggunaan lahan