STUDI KOMPARATIF LUMBUNG PANGAN MASYARAKAT DESA DENGAN LUMBUNG PANGAN SWADAYA DALAM MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

ARIS MISHBAH, Dr. agr. Sri Peni Wastutiningsih.

2013 | Skripsi | PENYULUHAN & KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran, eksistensi Lumbung Pangan Masyarakat Desa (LPMD) dan Lumbung Pangan Swadaya dalam membangun ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Karanganyar, dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi eksistensinya. Metode dasar penelitian menggunakan studi komparasi dan eksplorasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive mengunakan model triangulasi sumber meliputi informan utama, informan pendukung, dan informan tambahan. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan pencatatan terhadap informan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan uji kredibilitas meliputi perpanjangan pengamatan, triangulasi, dan member chek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 7 LPMD dan 3 Lumbung Pangan Swadaya yang berperan aktif dalam membangun ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Peran ini meliputi penyediaan cadangan pangan, kebermanfaatan sosial, ekonomi dan ekologi. Ketersediaan cadangan pangan di LPMD diperoleh dari bantuan dana pemerintah sebesar Rp. 20.000.000/tahun, sedangkan Lumbung Pangan Swadaya dari pasokan gabah, jimpitan beras, dan iuran swadaya sebesar Rp.5.000/selapan (35 hari) dari anggota. Peminjaman gabah di lumbung pangan maksimal 100 Kg dengan bunga pengembalian 1,5-20% dari total gabah yang dipinjam dan dilakukan pada masa panen berikutnya. Permasalahan yang muncul di LPMD adalah kemacetan pengembalian pinjaman gabah, sedangkan di Lumbung Pangan Swadaya adalah rendahnya SDM pengelola dan tidak layaknya gudang penyimpanan. Faktor ekternal yang mempengaruhi eksistensi lumbung pangan dalam membangun ketahanan pangan adalah bantuan dana dari pemerintah, fluktuasi harga gabah, dan eksistensi tengkulak, sedangkan faktor internalnya adalah aset, modal finansial, motivasi, tanggung jawab, dan sumberdaya manusia pengelola. LPMD dan Lumbung Pangan Swadaya mampu menjadi lembaga sosial masyarakat yang mampu membangun ketahanan pangan masyarakat dengan fungsinya masing-masing.

This study aims to determine the role, the existence of rural communities food granaries with self-help food granaries in developing Food Security in Karanganyar Regency and to know what factors that influence it. The basic method of the study used a comparative study and exploration. The selection of informants has been done purposively by using triangulation models including key informants, supporting informants, and additional informants. The data were obtained by observation, in-depth interviews and a recording of the informant. Data analysis was performed by data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Testing of data validity was done by using the credibility test including prolonged observation, triangulation, and member check. The results showed there were 7 rural communities’ food granaries and 3 self-help food granaries have been still active in developing food security in Karanganyar. The role of food granary included the provision of food reserves, social fund, economic interest and ecological benefit. Availability of food reserves in rural communities food granaries was obtained from government funding of 20.000.000 IDR/year, while the self-help food granaries got food stock from member supply on rice collection, and dues from members amounting of 5.000 IDR/selapan (35 days). Maximum rice borrowing is up to 100 kg with repayment rates varies from 1.5 to 20% of the total borrowed rice and will be done during the next harvest season. The problems that arise in rural communities food granaries is non-performing loan repayment, while for selfhelp food granaries is lack of human resource capability and bad condition of rice storage. External factors that affecting the existence food granaries in developing food security are government funding, fluctuations in the price of grain, and the existence of middlemen, while internal factors are assets, financial capital, motivation, responsibility, and human resource management. Rural communities food granaries and self-help food have capability as social institution in supporting of the development of community food security with their respective functions.

Kata Kunci : LPMD, Lumbung Pangan Swadaya, ketahanan pangan, Karanganyar