Keterampilan Relaksasi Progresif untuk Menurunkan Stres Kerja pada Pekerja Sosial

Putri Rahayu Wulandari, DR. Neila Ramdhani, Msi., Med.,Psi

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

s Stre kerja menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis dan psikologis yang berbeda-beda sesuai perubahan lingkungan atau keadaan, dan dapat mengganggu kinerja, terlebih bagi profesi seperti pekerja sosial khususnya pekerja sosial panti anak yang banyak menyita waktu dalam melayani masalahmasalah yang dihadapi anak asuh dan mengalami tuntutan untuk mendidik anak menjadi lebih baik dikemudian hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pelatihan relaksasi progresif untuk menurunkan stres kerja pada pekerja sosial panti anak. Disajikan sebanyak enam kali pertemuan dengan masing-masing berdurasi 45-60 menit. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen kuasi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one group pre-post using double pretest. Partisipan penelitian adalah pekerja sosial di PSAA “Y” berjumlah tujuh orang yang memiliki karakteristik telah bekerja selama 6 bulan sebagai pekerja sosial panti anak, tidak memiliki riwayat kontra indikasi terhadap relaksasi dan memiliki skor stres kerja sedang dan tinggi yang stabil pada pretest pertama dan kedua. Stres kerja diukur dengan Occupational Stress Inventory-Personal Strain Questionnaire (OSI-PSQ) sejumlah 25 aitem setelah uji coba dengan reabilitas alpha 0,878. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan analisa Wilcoxon. Analisis data kualitatif dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan analisis buku harian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat penurunan tingkat stres secara bermakna yaitu nilai z = -2,371, dengan p<0,05.

the Occupational distress may cause many different physiological and psychological disorders depending on changes in environment or circumstances. It also may hamper work performance, particularly among social workers such as people who work at children social institution whose works are time-consuming as they are trying to deal with problems faced by foster children and meet the demand to educate children to be better in the future. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of Progressive Relaxation Training to reduce occupational distress among social workers at children social institution. The training was conducted six times with 45-60 minutes duration for each meeting. The design of the study was quasi experiment using one group pre-post using double pretest design. Participants involved in the study were seven social workers who worked at Y Children Social Institution or Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA). Characteristics of participants were as followed: have been working for six months as social workers at children social institution, have no history of contraindication towards relaxation, and showed constant medium to high occupational distress scores during the first and second pretests. Occupational distress was measured using Occupational Stress Inventory- Personal Strain Questionnaire (OSI-PSQ) which was consisted of 25 items after tryout and coefficient reliability (alpha) of 0,878. Quantitative data was analyzed using Wilcoxon analysis technique. Qualitative data was gained from the result of observation, interview, and daily journal of participants and was analyzed accordingly. Based on the result of the study, there was significant decrease of distress level which was showed by z score = -2,371 with p<0,05.

Kata Kunci : Stres Kerja, Relaksasi Progresif, Pekerja Sosial.