ANALISIS USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG DAN OPTIMALISASI USAHA PETERNAKAN BERBASIS SISTEM AGRIBISNIS DI JAWA TENGAH

IR. TITIK EKOWATI, M.SC., Prof. Dr. Ir. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, MS.,

2013 | Disertasi | S3 Ekonomi Pertanian

Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) Menganalisis aktivitas subsistem agribisnis terhadap penerapan agribisnis usaha ternak sapi potong, (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi, pendapatan, konsumsi pangan rumahtangga dan modal usaha ternak sapi potong (3) Menganalisis usaha ternak sapi potong secara optimal berdasarkan sumberdaya yang tersedia pada peternak sapi potong. Penelitian dilakukan di 5 (lima) kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yaitu Kabupaten Rembang, Blora, Grobogan, Boyolali dan Wonogiri yang didasarkan atas nilai Location Quotient (LQ)>1. Jumlah responden peternak ditentukan berdasar quota sampling method dengan 40 responden setiap kabupaten, jumlah total responden adalah 200 peternak. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Path untuk menganalisis tujuan pertama. Tujuan kedua dianalisis dengan Persamaan Simultan dan diestimasi dengan Two Stage Least Square (TSLS) sedangkan tujuan ketiga dianalisis dengan Linear Programming. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Indeks Penerapan agribisnis sapi potong berada pada kriteria cukup dengan kisaran nilai 0,626-0,721. Hasil analisis Path menunjukkan bahwa subsistem ketersediaan sarana produksi berpengaruh terhadap induk dan proses produksi; subsistem proses produksi berpengaruh terhadap teknologi dan pasca panen; subsistem pasca panen berpengaruh terhadap modal, penerapan agribisnis dan populasi ternak; subsistem pemasaran berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan sarana produksi dan distribusi sedangkan lembaga penunjang agribisnis berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan sarana produksi, pasca panen dan pemasaran; (2a) Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi adalah jumlah induk; curahan waktu kerja; service per conception; jumlah hijauan pakan; jumlah pakan tambahan; pengalaman beternak dan penerapan agribisnis; (2b) Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan adalah harga induk, jumlah sapi potong, harga hijauan pakan, upah tenaga kerja dan bangsa ternak; (2c) Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pangan adalah jumlah anggota keluarga, harga beras, harga ikan, harga daging, harga, harga minyak, usia suami, usia istri dan pendapatan rumahtangga dan (2d) Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap modal yaitu jumlah sapi potong, curahan induk, produksi, curahan waktu kerja, konsumsi pangan dan penerapan agribisnis. Hasil simulasi kenaikan harga input 10% tidak merubah pendapatan peternak, kenaikan harga pangan menyebabkan penurunan konsumsi 44,7%. Sedangkan kenaikan harga output 10% menyebabkan peningkatan pendapatan 61,79% dan modal 2,019%. (3) Usaha ternak sapi potong mencapai kondisi optimal dengan kombinasi 1,445 ekor sapi lokal dan 0,295 ekor sapi non lokal, lahan usahatani tanaman pangan padi 0,48 ha dan tenaga kerja 89,415 HOK. Pendapatan optimal tercapai pada Rp 44.108.020,-

The study aimed to analyze (1) the implementation of agribusiness on the beef cattle farming, (2) some factors influencing production, income, farm household food consumption and capital of farm household beef cattle, and (3) optimazing of beef cattle based on the farmer resources. Five districts (Rembang, Blora, Grobogan, Boyolali and Wonogiri) were purposively chosen based on the value of Location Quotient (LQ). The study was conducted using quota sampling method. Forty respondents of each district were chosen randomly using quota sampling; hence the sample size in this study was 200. Data were analyzed through Path analysis, simultaneous analysis which is estimating with two stage least square and linear programming analysis. The results showed that (1) agribusiness implementation index had adequate score with the value was 0.626-0.721. Path analysis resulted that subsystem of production facility available was influenced to breed of beef cattle and production process; subsystem of production process was influenced to technology and post-harvest; subsystem of post-harvest was influenced to capital, agribusiness implementation and beef cattle population; subsystem of marketing was influenced to subsystem of production facility available and sales of agribusiness products and supporting institutions were influenced to the availability of production facility subsystem, postharvest subsystem and marketing subsystem; (2a) Production influencing factors were number of breed, outflow of working time, service per conception, amount of forages, amount of feed supplement, years of breed and agribusiness implementation; (2b) Some factors influencing the beef cattle income were price of breed, numbers of beef cattle, price of forages, labor cost and dummy variable (race of beef cattle); (2c) factors influencing of food consumption were number of household member, price of rice, price of fish, price of meat, price of oil, age of husband, age of wife and farm household’ income and (2d) factors influencing the beef cattle capital were number of breed, production, outflow of working time, farm household’ income, food consumption and agribusiness implementation. The simulation resulted that a) the increasing 10% of input price was not influencing on beef cattle income, b) 15% food price caused decreasing 44.7% food consumption and c) 10% beef cattle price caused increasing 61.79% income and 2.019% capital. (3) Beef cattle farm reached the optimum condition on the combination of local beef cattle and cross breed cattle were 0.1445 and 0.295 animal unit (AU) respectively. While the optimum condition of field crop was 0.48ha and labor 89.415 man-hour and farm income IDR 44,108,020.

Kata Kunci : sapi potong induk-anak, penerapan agribisnis, path analysis, analisis simultan, linear programing