Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Pemerintah, Bank Swasta Nasional, dan Bank Swasta Asing Periode 2007-2011

Deby Devita Debora Saragih, Dra. Sri Handaru Yuliati, MBA.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen

Upaya meningkatkan kinerja perbankan menjadi suatu hal yang vital bagi pembangunan nasional, karena perbankan diakui memiliki peranan yang penting dalam mengembangkan perekonomian nasional. Bank Indonesia menetapkan penilaian kinerja perbankan dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat kesehatan bank. Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Bank dilakukan dengan pendekatan Risk - Based Bank Rating, dengan cakupan penilaian meliputi profil risiko (risk profile), Good Corcopate Governance (GCG), Rentabilitas (earnings), dan Permodalan (capital). Kepemilikan yang berbeda dari setiap bank menentukan arah kebijakan dan cara pengelolaan (manajemen) bank yang berbeda, dan bisa mengakibatkan kesehatan di masing - masing bank juga ikut berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kesehatan bank pemerintah, bank swasta nasional, dan bank asing, dengan sampel untuk masing – masing kelompok bank tersebut berjumlah 4 (empat) bank. Teknik analisis yang digunakan ialah One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bank asing memiliki tingkat risiko kredit, risiko pasar, dan risiko likuiditas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bank pemerintah dan bank asing. Namun bank asing juga menghasilkan ROA tertinggi dibandingkan ketiga bank lainnya, walaupun perolehan NIM - nya yang terkecil. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjadi efisiensi pada bank asing, dimana bank asing mampu menekan biaya yang dikeluarkannya. Dari hasil uji statistik didapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada Non - Performing Loan, Eksposure Risiko Pasar, dan Eksposure Risiko Likuiditas antara kelompok bank pemerintah, bank swasta nasional, dan bank asing. Sedangkan pada Return On Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM), dan KPMM / CAR, tidak perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok bank pemerintah, bank swasta nasional, dan bank asing.

An effort to improve the performance of the banking becomes very important and vital for national development, because the banks have been recognized that they have an important role in developing the national economy. Bank Indonesia set of banking performance assessment carried out by measuring the level of bank health. Bank Rating conducted by Risk approach - Based Bank Rating, with a range of assessment including the risk profile (risk profile), Corcopate Good Governance (GCG), Profitability (earnings), and Capital (capital). Different ownership from each bank determines the policy and the way of managing (management) for each banks itself, and could give different impact to the result in their health for each bank. This study aims to compare the health of banks, private banks and foreign banks, with the sample for each - each group of banks amounted to 4 (four) banks. Analysis technique used is One Way Anova. The results of this study indicate, foreign banks have high levels of credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk is higher than the state banks and foreign banks. But foreign banks also generate the highest return on assets than the other three banks, although the acquisition of its NIM smallest. This is indicative of the efficiency occurs at a foreign bank, where foreign banks can reduce the cost of issuance. From the results of statistical tests obtained significant differences in the Non - performing loans, exposure to market risk and liquidity risk exposure between the government banks, private banks and foreign banks. While on the Return On Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and CAR / CAR, no significant differences between groups of banks, private banks and foreign banks.

Kata Kunci : Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank, Bank Pemerintah, Bank Swasta Nasional, Bank Asing