PERAN KANGAROO MOTHER CARE TERHADAP SKOR DEPRESI POST PARTUM

YULIA SRIATI RISMINTARI, Prof.dr.Mohammad Hakimi,Ph.D,SpOG(K)

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ked.Klinik/Maternal P.

Latar belakang: Metoda Kangaroo Mother Care menggunakan kontak langsung kulit ibu dan kulit bayi diketahui dapat menurunkan skor depresi post partum, terutama pada kasus BBLR (<2500 g). Bentuk perawatan ini memaksimalkan kondisi kesehatan mental ibu dan bayi dengan relatif aman, murah efisien dan mudah dilakukan oleh ibu. Keunggulan metoda ini karena akan merangsang ibu melepas oksitoksin dan prolaktin. Kedua hormon tersebut merangsang endorphin rilis terus menerus yang mempunyai efek membius, mengalirkan kasih sayang sepanjang kehidupannya, mengubah perasaan ibu yang cemas atau depresi menjadi perasaan tenang dan percaya diri sehingga dapat menurunkan skor depresi post partum.Tujuan: diketahuinya peran metode Kangaroo Mother Care dengan keberhasilan penurunan skor depresi post partum pada masa nifas. Metoda: Desain penelitian kuasi eksperimental menggunakan pendekatan One Group-Posttest Only Design atau Posttest Only Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Subyek penelitian: ibu nifas (yang melahirkan secara spontan maupun dilakukan intervensi medis) dengan bayi BBLR berat badan lahir <2500 g (kondisi sehat dan stabil). Lokasi penelitian adalah RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta, RSUD Kota Yogyakarta, dan RSUD Sleman. Ibu dalam kondisi sehat bisa membaca-menulis dan bisa berbahasa Indonesia, tidak memandang umur kehamilan, alamatnya jelas dan bersedia untuk ikut penelitian selama 6 minggu. Analisis data menggunakan uji t-test serta regresi linier (multivariat). Hasil: Ibu yang mendapat metode perawatan bayi KMC mempunyai koefisien paritas sebesar 1,73 dan konstanta model 2 sebesar 10,78 dan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,15. Hasil ini dapat menjelaskan bahwa metode perawatan bayi KMC dapat menurunkan skor depresi post partum sebesar 3,17 setelah dikontrol dengan paritas, skor depresi post partum pada ibu dengan paritas multi lebih tinggi sebesar 1,73 setelah dikontrol dengan metode perawatan bayi. KMC dapat memprediksi terhadap penurunan skor depresi post partum sebesar 15%. Kesimpulan: Kangaroo Mother Care dapat menurunkan skor depresi post partum sebesar 3,17 apabila dibandingkan dengan perawatan bayi secara konvensional.

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a direct contact method between mother and infant that might reduce the post partum depression score, especially among mother with low birth weight infant. This form of treatment to maximize the mental health condition of mother and baby are relatively safe, low-cost efficient and easy to do by the mother. In addition, this method can stimulate maternal oxytocin and prolactin release. Both these hormones stimulate the release endorphins which have the effect of constant drugging, drain affection throughout his life, changing the mother's feelings of anxiety or depression into a sense of calm and confidence that can reduce post-partum depression scores. Aim: to determine the role of KMC in the post partum depression scores Method: This study used quasi-experimental design (One Group-Posttest Only Design or Post-test Only Non-Equivalent Control Group Design). Subject were post partum mothers (spontaneous and medical intervention) with low birth weight infant (healthy, stabile). The locations of this research were Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Jogja General Hospital, and Sleman General Hospital. Inclusion criteria were: post partum mother with LBW infant (<2500 g), in healthy condition, able to read and write, able to speak Bahasa Indonesia, and willing to participate in this research during 6 weeks. Exclusion criteria were post partum mother with mental disorder and mother of LBW infant with congenital anomaly (physical examination). T-test and multivariate linier regression analyzes was used to determine the relationship between KMC and post partum depression score. Result: Mothers who receive KMC intervention have parity coefficient of 1.73 and constant (model 2) of 10.78 and coefficient of determination of 0.15. KMC reduced post partum depression score up to 3,17 times after adjusted by parity. Post partum depression score in multi-parity mother was higher (1,73) after controlled by infant method treatment. KMC could predict the reduction of post partum depression score by 15%. Conclusion: Kangaroo Mother Care can reduce the postpartum depression score by 3,17 if compare to the conventional infant treatment method.

Kata Kunci : Depresi post partum, ibu nifas, BBLR, KMC