PENYELENGGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI INDONESIA ANALISIS ISI UNDANGâ€UNDANG NOMOR 25 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PELAYANAN PUBLIK
Oktavianus Rua Putra, Dr. Phil. Hermin Indah Wahyuni
2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Adm. PublikDewasa ini penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik masih dihadapkan pada kondisi yang belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan perubahan di berbagai bidang kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara. Para pengguna layanan seringkali menjadi powerless ketika berhubungan dengan para pejabat birokrasi. Penelitian lapangan oleh PPK-UGM tahun 2000 di tiga daerah penelitian menemukan fakta nilai akuntabilitas pelayanan berkisar pada angka 87- 90 porsen dari 100 orang aparat dan dikatakan buruk dan belum akuntabel. Ini semakin diperparah dengan banyaknya temuan transaksi suap dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan di sejumlah daerah. Kondisi demikian memicu suatu pemikiran untuk menata kembali penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik di Indonesia dan hasilnya adalah lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi paradigma administrasi dan pelayanan publik, dan konsep akademik dalam perspektif administrasi publik dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 melalui identifikasi unit analisis penyelenggara pelayanan, sistem penataan pelayanan publik, partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelayanan publik, dan kesetaraan posisi tawar antara penyelenggara pelayanan dan masyarakat sebagai pengguna layanan. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, maka peneliti melakukan analisis terhadap Undang-Undang tersebut dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara atau pemerintah masih mendominasi dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik dibandingkan dengan korporasi dan lembaga lainnya. Domninasi negara atau pemerintah terlihat mulai dari perumusan kebijakan sampai tahap pelaksanaan melalui pengadaan dan penyaluran barang dan jasa publik (kebutuhan dasar dan pelayanan dasar) dan administrasi publik. Peran korporasi dan lembaga lain ada pada aspek pengadaan dan penyaluran jasa publik atau pelayanan dasar dan tidak pada kebutuhan dasar. Dalam konteks ini paradigma yang dibangun negara adalah paradigm New Publilk Service sesuai perspektif demokrasi yang memperlakukan masyarakat sebagai warga negara, bukan sebagai customer dan sebagai klien sehingga tidak menyerahkan sepenuhnya penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik kepada pasar atau korporasi dan lembaga lainnya. Penyelenggara pelayanan publik tidak dapat dilihat dalam aspek lembaga atau institusi penyelenggara , tetapi harus dilihat dalam suatu ukuran atau skala, seperti termasuk dalam kategori barang publik, kebutuhan dasar, kebutuhan strategis, komitmen nasional dan memiliki resiko kolektif, tanpa harus melihat siapa penyelenggaranya. Dari penelitian ini juga diketahui Pada tataran implementasi, sistem yang diterapkan lebih cenderung pada paradigma Old Public Administration. Sistem internal dijadikan alat ukur untuk melihat hubungan antara penyelenggara dan masyarakat, penilaian kinerja pelaksanan atau penyelenggara hanya berdasarkan penilaian atasan dan tidak menyandingkannya dengan penilaian eksternal oleh masyarakat melalui varian survey indeks kepuasan masyarakat . Pembentukan sebuah lembaga ombudsman merupakan upaya pemberian kekuasaan kepada masyarakat atau memberdayakan masyarakat untuk mengontrol penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Standar pelayanan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 belum secara ideal mencerminkan spirit NPS. Persoalannya terletak pada penjabaran konsep standar pelayanan publik yang kurang pas. Secara substansial Kontrak pelayanan menjadi spirit yang diinginkan Undang-Undang Pelayanan publik namun konseptualisasinya berbeda walaupun secara teknis penjabarannya sudah terwujud dalam pasal-pasal lain. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 ada beberapa pasal yang sangat memperhatikan keberagaman atau memperhatikan aspek kontekstual. Sebut saja sistem pelayanan terpadu yang memberikan peluang atau pilihan kepada daerah untuk menerapkan sistem pelayanan seperti apa. Kemudian adanya perlakuan khusus kepada masyarakat dengan kebutuhan khusus atau diffabel
Today the public service is still faced with conditions that do not fit the needs and changes in various areas of social life, state and nation. Service users often become powerless when dealing with bureaucratic officials. Field studies by PPK-UGM in 2000 in three areas of research found the fact the accountability of service range in the 87-90 porsen than 100 officers and said to bad and not accountable. This is further exacerbated by the many findings of bribery transactions in the provision of services in some areas. These conditions lead to an idea to reorganize the public service in Indonesia and the result was the birth of Act No. 25 of 2009 on Public Service. Therefore, this study aims to identify the paradigm of public administration and services, and academic concepts in the perspective of public administration in Act No. 25 of 2009 through the identification unit of analysis of service providers, system structuring public services, public participation in public service, and equity positions bargaining between service providers and the public as service users. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers conducted an analysis of the Act by using the method of content analysis (content analysis). The results showed that the government still dominates the country or in public service as compared to corporations and other institutions. Dominance of state or government looks ranging from policy formulation to implementation phase through procurement and distribution of public goods (basic needs and basic services) and public administration. Role of corporations and other institutions on aspects of procurement and distribution of public services or basic services and not on basic necessities. In the context of this paradigm is the paradigm that built the New Publilk Service according to the perspective of democracy that treats people as citizens, not as a customer and a client that does not fully devolved public service to the market or corporations and other institutions. Organizers of public services can not be viewed in the aspect of the agency or institution of the organizers, but must be seen in the size or scale, as included in the category of public goods, basic needs, strategic needs, the national commitment and collective risk, without having to see who the organizers From these studies also note the implementation level, the system is more likely to be applied on the paradigm of Old Public Administration. Internal systems used as a measuring tool to see the relationship between the organizers and the public, the conduct or performance assessment based solely on the organizers of bosses and not menyandingkannya assessment with external assessment by the community through community satisfaction index survey variants. Establishment of an ombudsman institution is the efforts to provide power to the people or empower people to control the public service. Service standards in the Act No. 25 of 2009 do not reflect the spirit of the NPS are ideal. The problem lies in the elaboration of the concept of public service standards that are less fit. Contract substantially the desired spirit of service to the Law Public service however is different though technically konseptualisasinya penjabarannya been established in other articles. In Act No. 25 of 2009 there are a few articles that really pay attention to the aspect of diversity or contextual. Call it an integrated service system that provides the opportunity or option to the region to implement the system what kind of service. Then a special treatment to people with special needs or diffabel xii The process of civil servant recruitment often causes problems due to the planning process, selection process and the announcement. The condition creates bad images that the civil servant recruitment is full with corruption and nepotism and also in-transparent. Based on the issue above, the aim of this research is to analyze the process of civil servant recruitment and the factors that influence the civil servant recruitment transparency in West Sumatra government. The process of civil servant recruitment begins with planning that held through formation compositing and deciding. When the formation needed is decided, the job vacancy is released openly. Then administrative selection is held. Through administrative selection the selected applicant are chosen to join the academic test. The next step is the assessment of academic test and the announcement of the result. From the steps above will be seen whether the recruitment process is transparent or not. The transparency or in-transparency can bee analyzed through some indicators such as the understanding of the rules and the procedure of the recruitment process, well provided information, accessible recruitment process Information, and the providing of complaint mechanism. The research uses qualitative research method with descriptive approach. The primary data is collected trough observation and interview. While secondary data is taken from library research. The research location is BKD of west Sumatra province. The research result shows that recruitment process is not transparent enough and it is caused by 1. The in transparency of recruitment process such as the application composition is not well maintained yet. 2. The information of job vacancy is not enough such as job vacancy does not require the applicant to mention which position they want to apply; 3. The information is difficult to be accessed by the applicants; 4. The lack of the maintenance ability of staff so that the understanding of procedure is low. 5. Complaint mechanism for the applicant is not available. In order to hold transparent civil servant recruitment in the future, BKD has to underline few things, those are 1. Providing one door system, so that the information and the service will be well maintained. 2. Developing the human resources in order maximizing officers’ ability and skill. 3. When announcing the recruitment result, the applicant’s grade and the answers of academic test have to be mentioned also. 4. Due to budgetary planning, it has to be proportional and fair so that each of recruitment steps can be well maintained, objective and transparent.
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