EVALUASI NILAI NUTRISI RANSUM BERPAKAN BASAL RUMPUT RAJA DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN PREKURSOR NITROGEN – ENERGI PADA KECERNAAN DAN KONSUMSI SAPI PERANAKAN FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN

Marry Christiyanto, Ir.,MP., Prof. (Emr.) Dr. drh. Mbhamad Soeiono. M.Sc.. M.S.

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi ransum yang diformulasi berdasarkan sistem protein tercerna di intestinum (PDI) pada sapi Peranakan Friesian Holstein (PFH) dengan pakan basal rumput raja. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga penelitian. Penelitian pertama menggunakan 6 ekor sapi PFH yang difistula pada bagian rumennya, digunakan untuk studi degradasi komposisi kimiawi secara in sacco, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Penelitian kedua menggunakan 5 ekor sapi PFH yang difistula pada bagian rumennya, digunakan untuk mengkaji parameter fermentasi rumen (pH, NH3, VFA total, asam asetat, asam propionat, dan asam butirat) menggunakan rancangan cross over design. Penelitian ketiga menggunakan 15 ekor sapi PFH tidak berproduksi untuk studi konsumsi dan kecernaan secara in vivo dan estimasi sintesis protein mikrobia. Sapi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berumur 2,5 sampai 3 tahun dengan bobot badan 250 – 300 kg. Ransum yang digunakan disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga terdapat tiga macam ransum yaitu ransum dengan prekursor nitrogen tinggi (1), ransum dengan prekursor energi tinggi (2) dan ransum dengan prekursor nitrogen dan energi seimbang (3). Penelitian ketiga masing-masing ransum diterapkan pada 5 ekor ternak dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi, dan jika terdapat perbedaan pengaruh perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan. Nilai a dan b BK pada ransum 1 nyata lebih tinggi (P< 0,05) dibanding 3, dan 2. nilai c (laju degradasi fraksi b) BK untuk ketiga jenis ransum tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Nilai DT pada ransum 1 (46,29%) lebih tinggi (P < 0,05) dibanding pada 3 (40,32%) dan 2 (36,18%). Fraksi a BO pada ransum 1 ( 39,99%) nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding fraksi a pada ransum 3 (31,74%), dan ransum 2 (27,28%). Nilai DT BO ransum 1 tidak berbeda (P>0,05) dengan ransum 3 tetapi lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan ransum 2, sedangkan fraksi c BO antar ransum perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan. Komponen PK yang mudah tersedia (fraksi a) dan DT PK ransum 1 lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding 3 dan 2. Fraksi NDF yang mudah larut (fraksi a) ransum 1 (33,49%) lebih tinggi dibanding fraksi a NDF ransum 2 (14,52%), tetapi tidak berbeda dengan fraksi a NDF ransum 3 (29,58%). Fraksi NDF yang potensial terdegradasi (b) ransum 3 (33,55%) dan ransum 2 (33,36%) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding fraksi b NDF ransum 1 (18,17%), dan tidak terdapat perbedaan diantara keduanya. Degradasi Teori NDF ransum 3 adalah yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan ransum 1 dan 2. Kisaran nilai pH cairan rumen yang diperoleh sebesar 6,57 – 7,15 masih berada pada kisaran pH sebesar 5,5 – 7,2. Konsentrasi VFA pada ransum 1 dan ransum 2 selalu lebih tinggi dibanding pada ransum 3. Rerata total VFA cairan rumen selama 24 jam pada ransum 1, 2 dan 3 masing-masing sebesar 131,13, 103,86, dan 84,78 mmol/l. Konsentrasi VFA penelitian masih dalam kisaran normal untuk menunjang pertumbuhan mikrobia yang optimum. Proporsi asam asetat pada penelitian ini cenderung lebih tinggi pada ransum 3 dibanding pada ransum 1 maupun 2. Rerata proporsi asam propionat berkisar antara 16,26 – 19,12% total VFA. Proporsi asam butirat pada ransum 2 cenderung lebih tinggi dibanding ransum 1 dan 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsumsi nutrien pada sapi PFH yang diberi ransum 1 (158,03, 143,51, 24,45, 103,55 dan 78,02 g/MBW) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding ransum 2 (137,77, 126,96, 20,56, 96,93, dan 57,59 g/MBW) dan 3 (104,96, 97,59, 15,50, 75,40 dan 54,78 g/MBW). Kecernaan BO dan ADF pada sapi PFH yang diberi ransum 1 (74,74, dan 66,96%) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding ransum 2 (72,23, dan 63,54%) dan 3 (60,79, dan 52,10%). Kecernaan BK dan NDF tidak berbeda antara ransum 1 dengan 2 (70,51, 68,27 vs 68,00, 68,19%), lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding 3 (55,70, dan 55,92%). Kecernaan PK ransum 1 (76,50%) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibanding 2 (68,94%) tidak berbeda dengan 3 (66,82%). Ekskresi derivat purin pada ransum 1 (75,08 mmol/hari) lebih tinggi (P< 0,05) dibanding 2 (56,23 mmol/hari) dan 3 (12,02 mmol/hari). Estimasi sintesis protein mikrobia (g N/kg BOTR) pada ransum 1 (38,26) lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding ransum 2 (24,10) dan 3 (8,35). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa : konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien dan serat pada ransum 1 dengan pakan basal rumput raja lebih baik dibanding ransum 2 maupun 3; Penggunaan ransum 1 dengan pakan basal rumput raja menghasilkan estimasi sintesis protein mikrobia yang lebih tinggi dibanding penggunaan ransum 2 maupun 3. Penyusunan ransum berpakan basal rumput raja dengan ketersediaan prekursor nitrogen-energi yang seimbang (nilai PDIN-PDIE seimbang) memberikan sinergisme pelepasan NH3 dan VFA, yang apabila tidak terkendala dengan tingginya kandungan NDF pada ransum 3, maka akan memberikan degradasi dan kecernaan nutrien serta parameter fermentasi dan performan ternak yang paling baik.

This research was conducted to evaluate the implementation of ration which formulated based on digestible protein in the intestine (PDI) system for Friesian Holstein Crossbreed (PFH) with king grass as basal feed. The benefit of the research was to provide more accurate information for protein evaluation system to improve nutrient utilization in ruminants. The research consisted of 3 experiments. The first experiment used 6 head of rumen fistulated PFH for studying dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation using in sacco method and completely randomized design. The second experiment used 5 heads of rumen fistulated PFH for investigating rumen fermentation parameters (pH, NH3, total VFA, acetatic, propionic, and butyric acids) using cross over design. The third experiment used 15 heads of non productive PFH for studying intake and in vivo digestibility and estimation of microbial protein synthesis. The PFH cattle used in this experiment were 2,5 – 3,0 years old with 250 – 300 kg body weight. Ration used were formulated into 3 kind of ration, such as ration with hegh nitrogen precursor (1), ration with high energy precursor (2) and ration with balanced nitrogen and energy precursors (3). In the third experiment, each ration was applied at 5 heads of PFH using completely randomized design, and the variables measured were DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF intake and digestibilities and microbial protein synthesis. Collected data were analyzed in variance analysis and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test if there were significant difference among treatments. Results of the experiments showed that value of a and b of DM on PDIN ration was significantly higher (P <0.05) compared to ration 3, and ration 2. Value of c (the rate of degradation of fraction b) for all three types of diets showed no significant difference. DT values in ration 1 (46.29%) was higher (P <0.05) than in ration 3 (40.32%) and ration 2 (36.18%). Fraction of a OM in ration 1 (39.99%) was significantly higher (P <0.05) compared to a fraction of the ration 3 (31.74%), and ration 2 (27.28%). Value of DT OM of ration 1 did not differ (P>0.05) from ration 3 but was higher (P <0.05) than that of ration 2, while the fraction c OM between ration treatments showed no differences. CP components which were easily available (fraction a) and DT CP of ration 1 were higher (P <0.05) compared to 3 and ration 2. NDF easily soluble fraction (fraction a) of PDIN ration (33.49%) was larger than the fraction of a of NDF-ration 2 (14.52%), but did not differ from a fraction of NDF of ration 3 (29.58%). Potentially degradable NDF fraction (b) rations 3 (33.55%) and ration 2 (33.36%) was higher (P <0.05) than the fraction b of NDF of ration 1 (18.17%), and there was no differences between the two. Theoretical degradation of ration 3 NDF was the largest value. The range of rumen fluid pH values obtained at 6.57 to 7.15 were still at a pH range of 5.5 to 7.2. VFA concentrations in the ration 1 and ration 2 were always higher than those in the ration 3. Means of total VFA of rumen fluid for 24 hours on the ration 1, 2, and 3 were 131.13, 103.86, and 84.78 mmol/l, respectively. VFA concentration of this study is still within the normal range for supporting optimum microbial growth. The proportion of acetic acid in this study tended to be higher in ration 3 than on ration 1 and ration 2. The mean proportion of propionic acid ranged from 16.26 to 19.12% of total VFA. Average consumption of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF in cows fed ration 1 PFH (158.03, 143 , 51, 24.45, 103.55 and 78.02 g / MBW) was higher (P <0.05) compared to ration 2 (137.77, 126.96, 20.56, 96.93, and 57, 59 g / MBW) and ration 3 (104.96, 97.59, 15.50, 75.40 and 54.78 g / MBW). BO and ADF digestibility for cows fed ration 1 PFH (74.74, and 66.96%) was higher (P <0.05) compared to ration 2 (72.23, and 63.54%) and 3 (60.79, and 52.10%). DM and NDF digestibility in the rations did not differ between 1 with 2 (70.51, 68.27 vs. 68.00, 68.19%), higher (P <0.05) compared 3 (55.70, and 55.92%). Ration 1 digestibility of crude protein (76.50%) was higher (P <0.05) higher than 2 (68.94%) did not differ with 3 (66.82%). Excretion of purine derivatives on the ration 1 (75.08 mmol / day) was higher (P <0.05) compared 2 (56.23 mmol / day) and 3 (12.02 mmol / day). Estimation of microbial protein synthesis (g N / kg BOTR) in the ration 1 (38.26) was higher (P <0.05) compared to rations 2 (24.10) and 3 (8.35). Based on the results of this study concluded that: the consumption and digestibility of nutrients and fiber in the basal feed ration 1 with king grass better than any diet or ration 3, 2; Use of basal feed ration 1 with King grass generate estimates of microbial protein synthesis is higher than the use of ration 2 or 3. Ration with king grass as basal feed and balance avaibility of nitrogen – energy precursor (the value- PDIE PDIN balanced) provide synergism release of NH3 and VFA, which, if not constrained by the high content of NDF in the ration of 3, then it will give degradation and nutrient digestibility and fermentation parameters and the best performance cattle

Kata Kunci : Degradasi, Parameter Fermentasi Rumen, Konsumsi, Kecernaan, Sintesis Protein Mikrobia , PDI, Sapi PFH.