EVALUASI PROGRAM IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN KEEROM PROVINSI PAPUA TAHUN 2007-2009

Bulas Lozi, Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, DrPH.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Pelaksanaan program imunisasi bertujuan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian anak. Evaluasi program imunisasi dasar pada bayi di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Keerom Provinsi Papua tahun 2007–2009, menggunakan indikator universal child immunization (UCI) desa. Cakupan program di bawah target. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan belum tercapainya target UCI desa di puskesmas wilayah Kabupaten Keerom. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah rapid assessment procedure (RAP), metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Keerom, Kepala Bidang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Penyakit, Kepala Seksi Imunisasi, 7 kepala puskesmas, 7 juru imunisasi puskesmas. Hasil: Kebijakan dan strategi untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi sudah cukup bagus terbukti dengan melakukan monitoring, sweeping imunisasi dan evaluasi program setiap tahun. Sumber daya manusia kualitas masih rendah tentang program imunisasi. Dana cukup tersedia untuk kegiatan program imunisasi karena bersumber dari dana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD), dana Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) dan dana program Percepatan Pembangunan Kesehatan (P2KTP) Tanah Papua. Faktor yang menyebabkan belum tercapainya UCI adalah sumber daya manusia yang kualitas rendah tentang pengelolaan program imunisasi, dana terlambat turun, infrastrukutur yang sering rusak, partisipasi masyarakat yang jauh dari jangkauan layanan kesehatan dan sulitnya akses pelayanan serta kurangnya informasi kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Melakukan pelatihan terhadap pengelola program imunisasi, mengupayakan agar program imunisasi mendapatkan dana alokasi umum (DAU), melengkapi sarana yang dibutuhkan untuk kegiatan program imunisasi,meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dengan melakukan penyuluhan tentang imunisasi, memberi hadiah bagi kepala puskesmas dan jurim serta melakukan pola manajemen terbuka dengan staf puskesmas.

Background: The implementation of immunization program aims to minimize morbidity and mortality rate of children. The evaluation of primary immunization program for children at Keerom District Health Office Province of Papua 2007-2009 uses indicator of village universal child immunization (UCI) due to coverage of the program that compared to target of village UCI at Keerom District Health Office. Objective: To identify factors causing the lack of achievement of village UCI at health centers in the working area of Keerom District. Method: The study was a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) that used qualitative method. Subject of the study were head of Keerom district health office, head of disease prevention and eradication section, head of immunization section, 7 heads of health centers, and 7 immunization staff. Result: Policy and strategy to increase coverage of immunization were indicated from the practice of monitoring, immunization sweeping and evaluation of the program annually. Quality of human resources in the immunization program was relatively low. Budget for the program was sufficiently available because it was supported by local revenue and expenditure budget (APBD), health operational aid, and Papua Health Development Acceleration Fund. However the disbursement of such fund was often delayed. Factors causing non achievement of village UCI were human resources, delayed budget, damaged infrastructure, participation of the community far beyond health service outreach and difficult access to the service as well as lack of information. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide training for the immunization staff, provide general allocation fund, increase public participation, give appreciation to the heads of health centers and immunization staff, improve the facilities and infrastructure, and implement an open management.

Kata Kunci : evaluasi program, imunisai dasar, UCI desa